STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2009

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Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration(PAGASA), which also named two other TDs(Bising and Crising) in the 2009 typhoon (TY) season.Twenty-five reached TS intensity (three of which werenot named), 14 became TYs, and 5 reached supertyphoon(STY) intensity. In Fig. 4.20a the number ofTSs, TYs, and STYs per year is shown for the period1945–2009. The TC data used here is from the JointTyphoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track datasetfor 1945–2008, and preliminary operational data for2009, for the TCs forming in the WNP. Preliminarydata for the storms forming in the Central Pacificregion is from CPHC. Climatology is defined usingthe period 1971–2000.The 2009 WNP TC season (see Fig. 4.20) startedin May, with TYs Kujira and Chan-Hom. These wereFig. 4.20. (a) Number of TCs for the period 1945–2009. (b) Cumulative number of NSs per month: 2009(black line), and climatology (1971–2000) shown as box plots [interquartile range: box, median: red line,mean: blue asterisk, values in the top or bottom quartile: blue crosses, high (low) records in the 1945–2008period: red diamonds (circles)]. (c) Number of NSs per month in 2009 (black curve), mean climatologicalnumber of NS per month (blue curve), the blue plus signs denote the maximum and minimum monthlyhistorical values (1945–2009) and green error bars show the interquartile range for each month. In thecase of no error bars, the upper and/or lower percentiles coincide with the median. (d) Cumulativenumber of TYs: 2009 (black line), and climatology (1971–2000) shown as box plots. (e) Number of TY permonth in 2009 (black curve), mean climatological number of TY per month (blue curve), the blue plussigns denote the maximum and minimum monthly historical values (1945–2009) and green error barsshow the interquartile range for each month. (Source: 1945–2008 JTWC best-track dataset, 2009 JTWCpreliminary operational track data.)S92 | juNE 2010
followed by TY Linfa and TS Nangka in June. JulyTC activity was below-normal, with only two TCsreaching TS intensity, TS Soudelor and TY Molave.On average for the month of July there are four NSsthat develop, of which three reach TY intensity. InAugust, the TC activity was higher than in July, withthree TSs (Goni, Etau, and Krovanh) and two TYs(Morakot and Vamco) forming in the WNP. In addition,two Central Pacific TCs, TS Maka and TD 02Ccrossed into the region. The most active month in TCgenesis numbers was September, with one TD (Mujigae),two TSs (Dujuan and 18W), two TYs (Koppuand Ketsana), and three STYs (Choi-Wan, Parmaand Melor) forming in the WNP. The seven NSsand three STYs that occurred in September tied theprevious historical record of the number of NSs andSTYs in that month. The TC activity in October wasslightly below-average, with one TS (Nepartak), oneTY (Mirinae), and one STY (Lupit) occurring in thebasin. The last STY (Nida) of the 2009 season formedin November, along with two TDs (24W and 27W)and one non-named TS (25W). The season finishedwith the formation of TS 28W in early December.The total number of TCs (30), NSs (25), and TYs(14) in 2009 were all below the median but equal toor above the 25th percentile of the climatologicaldistributions (median: 30.5 TCs, 27 NSs, and 16TYs, 25th percentile: 27 TCs, 24 NSs, and 14 TYs).The cumulative distributions of NSs (Fig. 4.20b) andTYs (Fig. 4.20c) show a slow season start, with theactivity increasing in May, below-normal activity inJuly and August, and the high activity in Septemberleading to slightly-below normal values for the seasonas a whole for NS and TY numbers. In contrast, thenumber of STYs in 2009 (five) was in the top quartileof the climatological distribution.The ACE in the WNP (Fig. 4.21) reflects well theactivity and number of TCs. The ACE value for the2009 season was very near the climatological median(Fig. 4.21a), only slightly above the median, due to thevery low value of ACE in July, which was not totallycompensated by the high October and NovemberACE values. The May ACE was in the top quartile ofclimatology and the November ACE was very closeto the 75th percentile of the climatology. July andOctober were complementary months, with the JulyACE value being the 5th lowest and the October ACEbeing the 5th highest value in the historical recordfor the respective months. The ACE values of the twostrongest storms in 2009, STYs Melor and Nida arein the top 5th percentile of the historical record andthe climatological distribution. Ninety percent of theACE in November is due to STY Nida, while 64% ofthe September ACE is due to STY Choi-Wan, and 37%of the October ACE is due to STY Melor.There were 129 days with TCs and 122 days withNSs in 2009 in the WNP, both in the bottom quartileof the climatological distribution (medians 161.5 and144.25 days, respectively). From these, there were 110days with typhoons, slightly below the climatologicalmedian of 120.4 days. There were 22.25 days withintense TYs (categories 3–5), above the climatologicalmedian of 19.4 days. Climatologically, 74% (11%)of the TC days consist of days with (intense) TYs.In 2009 these ratios were much higher, 85.3% and17.25%, respectively, pointing to a more frequent occurrenceof intense and STYs in the 2009 TC season.The median lifetime of NSs in 2009 was 6.5 days,below the median lifetime of 8 days for all years.From the 25 NSs, 17 had a duration below the median,Fig. 4.21. (a) ACE Index per year in the WesternNorth Pacific for the years 1945–2009. The solid greenline indicates the median for the years 1971–2000climatology, and the dashed green lines show the 25thand 75th percentiles. (b) ACE index per month in 2009(red line) and the median in the years 1971–2000 (blueline), where the green error bars indicate the 25thand 75th percentiles. In the case of no error bars,the upper and/or lower percentiles coincide with themedian. The blue plus signs (+) denote the maximumand minimum values during the period 1945–2009.(Source: 1945–2008 JTWC best-track dataset, 2009JTWC preliminary operational track data.)STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2009 juNE 2010 |S93
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Luo, Jing-Jia, Research Institute f
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Tedesco, Marco, Department Earth an
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4. THE TROPICS.....................
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ABSTRACT—M. O. Baringer, D. S. Ar
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I. INTRODUCTION—M. O. Baringer an
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Table 1.1 The GCOS Essential Climat
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S18 | juNE 2010
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Stratospheric TemperatureCloudiness
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Source Datasets Sectionhttp://www.p
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HOW do WE KNOW THE WORLD HAS WARMED
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Fig. 2.6. As for Fig. 2.1 but for l
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Fig. 2.10. Change in TCWV from 2008
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Precipitation anomalies in 2009, ov
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Fig. 2.18. Seasonal SCE anomalies (
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USING SI-TRACABLE GLOBAL POSITIONIN
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6) Lake levels—C. BirkettLake vol
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Fig. 2.30. (a) The daily AO index f
Page 45 and 46: (C) Carbon monoxide (CO)There has b
Page 47 and 48: Table 2.5. Mixing ratios, radiative
Page 50 and 51: the mid-1990s but has since levelle
Page 52 and 53: with all 42 glaciers observed retre
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Page 56 and 57: Fig. 3.1. (a) Yearly mean SSTAs in
Page 58 and 59: (Fig. 3.3c). It is interesting that
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Page 66 and 67: egions around the subtropical salin
Page 68 and 69: Fig 3.17. Principal empirical ortho
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Page 72 and 73: Fig. 3.22. (top) The 2009 SSH anoma
Page 74 and 75: to update the CO 2climatology, ther
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Page 78 and 79: Fig. 3.31. (a) Average MODIS-Aqua C
Page 80 and 81: latitudes, chlorophyll and thermal
Page 83 and 84: Fig. 4.4. (a) Anomalous 850-hPa win
Page 85 and 86: (Fig. 4.6). These include four MJO
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Page 89 and 90: Fig. 4.14. ASO 2009: Anomalous 200-
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Page 93: Several previous studies have shown
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Page 99 and 100: The historical SIO TC data is proba
Page 101 and 102: Fig. 4.26. Global anomalies of TCHP
Page 103 and 104: degree resolution NASA TRMM rainfal
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Page 107 and 108: THE forgotten sub-BASIN—THE centr
Page 109 and 110: 5. THE ARCTIC—J. Richter-Menge, E
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Page 113 and 114: Fig. 5.8. 2007-09 Atlantic water la
Page 115 and 116: d. Sea ice cover—D. Perovich, R.
Page 117 and 118: e. Land1) Vegetation—D. A. Walker
Page 119 and 120: Fig. 5.18. Total annual river disch
Page 121 and 122: negative SCD anomalies were evident
Page 123 and 124: with records beginning in 1873, the
Page 125 and 126: (QuikSCAT, 2000-09) microwave remot
Page 127 and 128: 6. ANTARCTICAa. Overview—R. L. Fo
Page 129 and 130: (SCAR) report ‘Antarctic Climate
Page 131 and 132: these stations in April, August, an
Page 133 and 134: e. 2008-2009 Seasonal melt extent a
Page 135 and 136: positive ice-season duration anomal
Page 137 and 138: 7. REGIONAL CLIMATESa. Introduction
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The first drought occurred in March
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Fig. 7.8. (a) Annual mean temperatu
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Fig. 7.11. (a) Annual mean temperat
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EXTREME rainfall and the flood of t
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Fig. 7.14. Composite for standardiz
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Fig. 7.17. Daily maximum temperatur
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(ii) PrecipitationDecember to Febru
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For Zimbabwe, the rainfall season,
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Fig. 7.28. Annual mean temperature
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Fig. 7.31. Seasonal anomalies (1961
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(1706-2009), and new national recor
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cold in southern and central Finlan
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EXCEPTIONAL storm strikes northern
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7.32b). April was particularly mild
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to -44 о С) persisted in southern
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Fig. 7.39. Weather conditions in De
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on the 1971-2000 climatology) for a
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excess rainfall, while 11 subdivisi
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4) Southwest Asia(i) Iraq—M. Roge
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Wales. The warmth was particularly
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The most significant severe thunder
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mm thick, which fell on parts of No
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and Vanua Levu islands (Fiji) as a
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Table 7.5. Maximum temperature anom
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8. SEASONAL SUMMARIES—Mike Halper
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Fig. 8.5. Jun-Aug 2009 (top) surfac
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn addition to the m
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CFCCFC-11CFC-12CH 4Chl satCIIFENClC
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OAFlux Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea
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Ashok, K., S. K. Behera, S. A. Rao,
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Cangialosi, J. P., and L. A. Avila,
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Francis, J. A., W. Chan, D. J. Leat
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Hudson, J. M. G., and G. H. R. Henr
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Landsea, C. W., and W. M. Gray, 199
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Meinen, C. S., M. O. Baringer, and
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Ramaswamy, V., M. D. Schwarzkopf, W
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——, ——, T. C. Peterson, and
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Wang, L., C. Derksen, and R. Brown,
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Monthly average temperature anomali
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STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2009

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