References 167from http://www.ccap.org/docs/resources/674/Urban_<strong>Climate</strong>_<strong>Adaptation</strong>-FINAL_CCAP%206-9-09.pdfLubchenco, J. & Petes, L.E. (2010). The interconnected biosphere: Science at the ocean’s tippingpoints. Oceanography, 23(2), pp. 115-129.Luber, G. & McGeehin, M. (2008). <strong>Climate</strong> Change <strong>and</strong> Extreme Heat Events. American Journal ofPreventative Medicine, 35(5), pp. 429-35.Mackey, K.R.M., Van Dijken, G.L., Mazloom, S., Erhardt, A.M., Ryan, J., Arrigo, K., Paytan, A.(2010). Influence of atmospheric nutrients on primary productivity in a coastal upwellingregion. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, doi:10.1029/2009GB003737.Madsen, T. & Figdor, E. (2007). When It Rains, It Pours: Global Warming <strong>and</strong> the Rising Frequencyof Extreme Precipitation in the United States. Technical Report, Environment Maine, 47.Madsen, T., & Figdor, E. (2007). When It Rains, It Pours: Global Warming <strong>and</strong> the Rising Frequencyof Extreme Precipitation in the United States, Technical Report, Environment Maine, 47pp.Mailhot, A. & Duchesne, S. (2010), Design criteria of urban drainage infrastructures underclimate change. Journal of Water Resources Planning <strong>and</strong> Management, 136, pp. 201.Maine Administrative Code. 06-096 ch. 355, § 5 (West through 2010). S.C. Code Ann. §§ 48-39-280(A), 48-39-280(B) & 48-39-290(B)(2)(a). Tex. Nat. Res. Code Ann. §§ 61.001 et seq.(Thompson Reuters through 2010).Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP). (2009). People <strong>and</strong> Nature Adapting toa Changing <strong>Climate</strong>: Charting Maine’s Course. Retrieved from http://www.maine.gov/dep/oc/adapt/Report_final.pdf. Accessed October 27, 2011Maine Department of Environmental Protection: People <strong>and</strong> Nature, Adapting to a Changing<strong>Climate</strong>: Charting Maine’s Course, A Summary of the Report Presented to the Joint St<strong>and</strong>ingCommittee on Natural Resources of the 124 th Maine Legislature (Feb. 2011)Manson, G.K., Solomon, S.M., Forbes D.L., Atkinson, D.E., & Craymer, M. (2005).Spatial variabilityof factors influencing coastal change in the western Canadian Arctic. GeoMarineLetters, 25, pp. 138-145.Marani, M., D’Alpaos, A., Lanzoni, S., Carniello, L. & Rinaldo, A. (2007). Biologically-controlledmultiple equilibria of tidal l<strong>and</strong>forms <strong>and</strong> the fate of the Venice lagoon. Geophysical ResearchLetters, 34(11), L11402, doi:10.1029/2007GL030178.Marion, C., Anthony, E.J., Trentesaux, A. (2009). Short-term (
168 <strong>Coastal</strong> <strong>Impacts</strong>, <strong>Adaptation</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Vulnerabilities</strong>Maryl<strong>and</strong> Code Annotated Environmental Article§ 16-201. See also MD Comprehensive Strategy,ch. 5, pp. 23-24.Maryl<strong>and</strong> Commission on <strong>Climate</strong> Change (MCCC). (2008). Maryl<strong>and</strong> <strong>Climate</strong> Action Plan.Retrieved from www.mdclimatechange.us/ewebeditpro/items/O40F14798.pdf. Accessed onOctober 27, 2011.Maryl<strong>and</strong> Commission on <strong>Climate</strong> Change <strong>Adaptation</strong> <strong>and</strong> Response Working Group, ComprehensiveStrategy for Reducing Maryl<strong>and</strong>’s Vulnerability to <strong>Climate</strong> Change Phase I: Sea-level Rise<strong>and</strong> <strong>Coastal</strong> Storms, ch. 5 at 9, 13 (2008).Maryl<strong>and</strong> Department of Natural Resources. (2010). <strong>Climate</strong> Change Policy: Building Resilienceto <strong>Climate</strong> Change. Maryl<strong>and</strong> Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis MD.Maryl<strong>and</strong> Department of Natural Resources. <strong>Coastal</strong> Habitats <strong>and</strong> Sea Level Rise. Retrieved fromhttp://www.dnr.state.md.us/ccp/habitats_slr.asp. Accessed December 22, 2011.McCabe, G.J., Clark, M.P., & Serreze, M.C. (2001). Trends in northern hemisphere surface cyclonefrequency <strong>and</strong> intensity. Journal of <strong>Climate</strong>, 14, pp. 2763–2768.McCue, T. (2010). East Central Florida. In: The Likelihood of Shore Protection along the AtlanticCoast of the United States. Volume 2: New Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Southeast. Report by the East FloridaRegional Planning Council to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.pp. 467-514.McGranahan, G., Balk, D., & Anderson, B. (2007). The rising tide: assessing the risks of climatechange <strong>and</strong> human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment & Urbanization,19(1), pp. 17-37.McLellan, S.L., Hollis, E.J., Depas, M.M., Van Dyke, M., Harris, J., & Scopel, C.O. (2007). Distribution<strong>and</strong> fate of Escherichia coli in Lake Michigan following contamination with urbanstormwater <strong>and</strong> combined sewer overflows. Journal of Great Lakes Research , 33(3), pp. 566-580.Mcleod, E., Poulter, B., Hinkel, J., Rey, E., & Salm, R. (2010). Sea-level rise impact models <strong>and</strong>environmental conservation: A review of models <strong>and</strong> their applications. Ocean & <strong>Coastal</strong>Management, 53, pp. 507-517McNeall, D., Halloran, P.R., Good, P. & Betts, R.A. (2011). Analyzing abrupt <strong>and</strong> nonlinearclimate changes <strong>and</strong> their impacts. WIREs <strong>Climate</strong> Change, 2, pp. 663-686.Medvigy, D., & Beaulieu, C., (2012). Trends in daily solar radiation <strong>and</strong> precipitation coefficientsof variation since 1984. Journal of <strong>Climate</strong>, 25, pp. 1330–1339. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4115.1Meehl, G.A., Stocker, T.F., Collins, W.D., Friedlingstein, P., Gaye, A.T., Gregory, J.M., Kitoh, A.,Knutti, R., Murphy, J.M., Noda, A., Raper, S.C.B., Watterson, I.G., Weaver, A.J., & Zhao, Z.C.(2007). Global climate projections. In: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis,M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., Miller, H.L. (Eds.), <strong>Climate</strong> Change 2007: The Physical ScienceBasis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IntergovernmentalPanel on <strong>Climate</strong> Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom<strong>and</strong> New York, NY, USA, pp.747–845.Mendez, F.J., Menendez, M., Luceno, A., & Losada, I.J. (2006). Estimation of the long-term variabilityof extreme significant wave height using a time-dependent Peak Over Threshold(POT) model, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, C07024, doi:10.1029/2005JC003344.Menendez, M. & Woodworth, P.L. (2010). Changes in extreme high water levels based on aquasi-global tide-gauge dataset. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, C10011.Menéndez, M., Méndez, F.J., Losada, I. J., & Graham, N.E. (2008). Variability of extreme waveheights in the northeast Pacific Ocean based on buoy measurements, Geophysical ResearchLetters, 35(22), doi:10.1029/2008GL035394.
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Chapter 3Lead Author: Carlton H. He
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ContentsKey TermsAcronymsCommunicat
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4.4 Human Health Impacts and Implic
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Key TermsxixExposure 3 - The nature
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