Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities - Climate ...

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Key TermsxixExposure 3 – The nature and degree to which a system is exposed to significant climaticvariations.Mainstreaming – The incorporation of climate change considerations into established orongoing development programs, policies, or management strategies rather than developingadaptation and mitigation initiatives separately.Mitigation 1 – An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the anthropogenic forcing of theclimate system, including strategies to reduce greenhouse gas sources and emissionsand enhance greenhouse gas sinks.Resilience 2 – The ability of a system and its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate,or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficientmanner through ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essentialbasic structures and functions.Risk 3 – Combination of the probability of an event and its consequences.Sensitivity 1 – Sensitivity is the degree to which a system is affected either adversely orbeneficially by climate variability or change. The effect may be direct, such as a changein crop yield in response to a change in the mean, range, or variability of temperature,or indirect, such as damages caused by an increase in the frequency of coastal floodingdue to sea-level rise.Thermal Expansion 4 – In connection with sea level, this refers to the increase in volume(and decrease in density) that results from warming water. A warming of the oceanleads to an expansion of the ocean volume and hence an increase in sea level.Threshold 1 – The level of magnitude of a system process at which sudden or rapidchange occurs. A point or level at which new properties emerge in an ecological, economicor other system, invalidating predictions based on mathematical relationshipsthat apply at lower levels.Transformation 2 – The altering of fundamental attributes of a system (including valuesystems; regulatory, legislative, or bureaucratic regimes; financial institutions; and technologicalor biological systems).Vulnerability 1 – the degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with,adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerabilityis a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variationto which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.3 IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. J. J. McCarthy, O. F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D. J. Dokken and K. S. White (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom andNew York, NY, USA, glossary, pp. 982-996.4 IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third AssessmentReport of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T.,Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs,M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K.Maskell, and C.A. Johnson (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, glossary, pp. 787-797.
AcronymsADAPT – Adaptation Database and Planning ToolAMO – Atlantic Multidecadal OscillationBMP – Best Management PracticesCCSP – Climate Change Science ProgramCDC – Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCFD – Computational Fluid DynamicsCMIP – Climate Model Intercomparison ProjectCPIC – Citizens Property Insurance CorporationCPRA – Coastal Protection and Restoration AuthorityCSO – Combined Sewer OverflowCSoVI – Coastal Social VulnerabilityCVI – Coastal VulnerabilityDoD – U.S. Department of DefenseDOT – U.S. Department of TransportationENSO – El Niño Southern OscillationEPA – U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyESD – Environmental Site DesignFCIC – Federal Crop Insurance CorporationFEMA – Federal Emergency Management AgencyGCM – Global Circulation ModelsGDP – Gross Domestic ProductGIS – Geographic Information SystemsGPS – Global Positioning SystemHABs – Harmful Algal BloomsHUD – U.S. Housing and Urban DevelopmentICLEI – International Council for Local Environmental InitiativesIPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIWGCBC – International Working Group on Coastal Blue CarbonLiDAR – Light Detection and RangingMOC – Meridional Overturning CirculationMR&T – Mississippi River and TributariesMSL – Mean Sea Levelxx
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Chapter 5Adaptation and MitigationK
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ReferencesAbuodha, P. & Woodroffe,
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Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vu
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