Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities - Climate ...

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Physical Climate Forces 17maintain land that would otherwise be claimed by the sea (Titus et al., 2009). Nevertheless,land elevation, determined from high resolution data such as LiDAR, is a usefulindicator of potential vulnerability.Table 2-1 shows regional and state-specific estimates of the area of land low enoughto become inundated by a 1 meter rise in sea level, from published multi-state studies.The table includes much of the U.S. but excludes regions where data for analyses werelimited. Those studies generally distinguish possible tidal flooding of dry land that isless than 1 meter above high tide from inundation of tidal wetlands that are already inundatedat high tide but might convert to open water with a higher sea level. The statesof Louisiana, Florida, and North Carolina each have more than one thousand square kilometersof dry land less than 1 meter above high tide; in the case of Louisiana, much ofthis low land is already below mean sea level and kept habitable by dikes and pumpingsystems. Considering also low-lying coastal wetlands, every state along the Atlantic andGulf Coast from New Jersey to Texas has at least 1000 square kilometers that could besubmerged by a 1 meter rise in sea level, except for the three states with relatively shortcoastlines: Delaware, Mississippi, and Alabama.Table 2-1: Dry Land and Total Land Area Less than One Meter above High Waterby State and Region (square kilometers)Dry land 1 All Land 2ElevationSourceSample of USGS andNational Elev.Printed maps local dataDataset (2012)(1991) 3 (2009) 54Sample of USGS USGS and(1991) 3 (2001) 6 (2009) 4Printed maps 1-degree data local dataNortheastME – – 54 – 383 420NH – – 5 – 42 47MA – 110 86 – 365 459RI – 8 11 – 122 38CT – 30 27 – 63 106Mid-AtlanticNY – 90–218 155 – 240 244–379NJ – 148–365 174 – 1083 1231–1564PA – 11–33 7 – 3 18–44DE – 84–158 90 – 388 465–553MD – 326–570 410 – 1547 1539–1832DC – 3–4 2 – 2 3–5VA – 189–479 315 – 969 1881–2265
18 Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and VulnerabilitiesTable 2-1: Dry Land and Total Land Area Less than One Meter above High Waterby State and Region (square kilometers) (Continued)Dry land 1 All Land 2ElevationSourceSoutheastSample of USGS andNational Elev.Printed maps local dataDataset (2012)(1991) 3 (2009) 54Sample of USGS USGS and(1991) 3 (2001) 6 (2009) 4Printed maps 1-degree data local dataNC – 1330–1717 1288 – 5836 5650–6343SC – 341 439 – 2334 2842GA – 133 331 – 1743 1993FL – 1286 1654 – 12251 6624GulfAL – – 35 – 195 –MS – – 34 – 173 –LA 3700 – 3058 13400 25742 –TX – – 284 – 5177 –PacificCA – – 378 – – –OR – – 54 – – –WA – – 289 – – –Northeast 608 263 183 849 975 1070Mid-Atlantic 3120 851–1827 1153 4466 4230 5381–6642Southeast 7 5800 3122 2885 13140 16038 17143Gulf 7 8200 4793 4238 21000 61355 –Pacific 8 2340 – 721 2431 – –United States 8 13300–26700 – 13401 21100–54800 – –– Indicates that the study did not report a result at this level of aggregation.1 Defined as land that is not classified as wetland in the National Wetland Inventory.2 Dry land, nontidal wetlands, and tidal wetlands.3 From Titus et al., 1991, reporting results from Park et al., (1989) and Titus & Greene (1989). High water defined asspring high water. Uncertainty range based on sample error.4 Mid-Atlantic results from Titus and Wang (2009). Other states from Titus et al., (2009). Mid-Atlantic uncertaintyrange by Titus and Cacela (2009) based on vertical error of elevation data. High water = spring high water.5 From Strauss et al., (2012). High water = mean high water.6 From Titus and Richman (2001). Using 1.5 m NGVD as a proxy for 1 m above high water.7 Includes half of “S and SW FL” for the 1991 study and half of Florida for the 2001 and 2012 studies.8 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Page 1: National Climate Assessment Regiona
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Page 8: Coastal Impacts, Adaptation,and Vul
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 3Lead Author: Carlton H. He
Page 16 and 17: ContentsKey TermsAcronymsCommunicat
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Page 20 and 21: Key TermsxixExposure 3 - The nature
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Page 28 and 29: Executive Summaryxxviiweakened by v
Page 30 and 31: Executive SummaryxxixAdaptation and
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Page 44 and 45: Physical Climate Forces 13Figure 2-
Page 46 and 47: Physical Climate Forces 15Sea-level
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Page 60 and 61: Physical Climate Forces 29(low to m
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Page 72 and 73: Physical Climate Forces 41Intensifi
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Vulnerability and Impacts on Human
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Vulnerability and Impacts on Human
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Chapter 5Adaptation and MitigationK
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ReferencesAbuodha, P. & Woodroffe,
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Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vu
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