Warning Analysis for the Information Age - Higgins Counterterrorism ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Faced with the task of finding the “American inventor who invented somethingsmaller than six inches” my daughter asked me to take her to the library and said,“Dad, please help me. I don’t even know where to start.” So I went to the onlinecatalog, searched for “inventor” and “invention” and by scanning the myriadtitles noticed that virtually all were tied to Library of Congress (LC) Call Number“609.” I told her we would look for the books with “609,” we then read the LCnumbers on the shelves until we found them, and I started handing her books withthat number that had to do with inventors and inventions...and she did the rest...allin an afternoon’s work.What call number does the Iraqi analyst need to retrieve the data on Iraqi biologistsand microbiologists? Or even more fundamentally—if there is a call numberfor Iraqi biologists, are there any books on the topic? And once we have thenames of the inventor or scientist, how do we learn more?In today’s world that is easy for finding American inventors but impossible forfinding Iraqi BW scientists for several reasons:New Knowledge is Built on a Baseline of Old Knowledge Builtby HistoriansThe IC dataset is “massive” because there are no historians to provide perspectiveon what it means.There are no classified historical baselines because there are no historiansin the IC. Most of the intelligence data are currently in the form of text messagesresiding in multiple databases. The Iraqi analysts could get off to a good start ontheir project by finding classified books such as “The History of Iraqi Science,” or“A Decade of Evading the UN Weapons Inspectors.” But such books do not exist.Historians can provide an excellent baseline on many issues of interest to theintelligence analyst, but only from unclassified records. They don’t have access tothe billions of text messages in IC databases, but the IC does not employ any ofits own historians to build such a baseline. And analysts do not have the time—ordon’t stay on one project long enough—to build the historical baseline that givescontext for their current analysis. My daughter can rapidly find information onAmerican inventors and their inventions because there are historians writingbooks about them; the Iraqi analysts cannot do the same because there are no historianswriting classified books on WMD programs anywhere.IC Challenge: How can we build the historical baseline with no historians?How can we automate the function of those absent classified historians withsmart computer programs?48
Information Retrieval is Built on Library Science by LibrariansThe IC classified datasets are virtually impossible to use because there are nolibrarians to catalog and meta-tag them.There is no catalog of classified documents because is no NationalLibrary of the IC. One can very rapidly find books on any imaginable topic ina library catalog because a librarian somewhere took the time to assign aLibrary of Congress number. Think of how hard it would be to use a library ifthere were no librarians—only computer engineers to maintain the computers—andall the books were placed randomly on the shelves without anyoneassigning Library of Congress codes. My daughter could easily retrieve thehalf-dozen books on American inventors and then use the Tables of Contentsand Indices to choose one who invented something “smaller than six inches”—having quickly found the inventors of the paper clip, the computer mouse, andmany others. The intelligence analysts have no such ability to do the samebecause in the IC, libraries only have unclassified source materials, and classifieddocuments are stored online in databases compiled by computer engineerswithout librarians to oversee the cataloging and indexing that the rest of theworld uses to make data retrieval easy.IC Challenge: How do we catalog and index the IC products both hard copyand online on Intelink for easy retrieval of relevant documents? How do wereplace the missing librarians by smart computer programs?There is no meta-tagging for easy document retrieval because there are nolibrarians to maintain IC databases. One can also find records very rapidly in ahuge database like the National Institutes of Health’s online PubMed database ofbiological research because the National Library of Medicine (NLM) hires librariansto meta-tag every journal article in a standard format for authors, titles, affiliationsand to select a list of keywords on that article on the basis of a standardNLM ontogeny. PubMed is easy to use because every scientific paper that isabstracted in that database is read individually and meta-tagged by a real personat the NLM, usually called a curator. The IC has hired many different IT contractorsto develop ontologies for IC records—reinventing the Library of Congresscodes and specialized ontologies of the NLM and other specialized databases.Ontologies do not work until they are assigned to each individual record—andthere are no curators in the IC who do so.IC Challenge: How can we meta-tag existing documents in IC databases andprovide policies for easily meta-tagging new ones? How do we replace all themissing data curators with smart computer programs?49
Page 1 and 2:
Joint Military Intelligence College
Page 3 and 4: The Joint Military Intelligence Col
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSAcknowledgements. . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: appreciate other distinctive elemen
Page 9 and 10: In addition to his promoting the in
Page 11 and 12: ADDITIONAL COMMENTARIES:Warning Ana
Page 13 and 14: “butter now” to build a strong
Page 15 and 16: orist groups half-a-world away mean
Page 17 and 18: intelligence and requires exhaustiv
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2FROM CURRENT INTELLIGENCE
Page 21 and 22: decades before the conflict when a
Page 23 and 24: or pieces of information which were
Page 25 and 26: probably been given too little atte
Page 27 and 28: warfare the army that could bring t
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 4PARADIGM SHIFTS — WHEN T
Page 31 and 32: NorthDakotaMoscowNow on the map bel
Page 33 and 34: line proponent is likely to say,
Page 35 and 36: In the Industrial Age we based our
Page 37 and 38: Let me explain by comparing the New
Page 39 and 40: ight now we have a position (potent
Page 41 and 42: The take-home message here is that
Page 43 and 44: degrees and one I took six minutes
Page 45 and 46: MESSAGE■ Suppress tendency to bui
Page 47 and 48: Example: I see a large mammal with
Page 49 and 50: In WMD analysis, these distinctions
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 6TOWARD NOVEL INTELLIGENCE
Page 53: Example 1 — An 8th Grade Science
Page 57 and 58: to extract all the entities or a me
Page 59 and 60: That means that unless own ship man
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 7FROM CURRENT INTELLIGENCE
Page 63: analysis. A bigger database full of
Page 66 and 67: viduals subordinate their decisionm
Page 68 and 69: environment. In a world of limited
Page 70 and 71: account for any deviations from equ
Page 72 and 73: In summary:■ When the world will
Page 74 and 75: progress of that plan. If change is
Page 76 and 77: have been reached. “If they do A,
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 8MODELING THE DECISION CYCL
Page 80 and 81: Efforts to date to use information
Page 82 and 83: Assumptions—From Industrial-Age T
Page 84 and 85: From Thinking Tactically to Thinkin
Page 86 and 87: of enemy forces and that he prepare
Page 88 and 89: Modeling Ourselves—How Can We Reo
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 9MODELING THE TARGETHow do
Page 92 and 93: systems is that they are organized
Page 94 and 95: ing “power” plotted vertically
Page 96 and 97: Biological systems extract energy a
Page 98 and 99: NationalCommandAuthorityD ecision E
Page 100 and 101: ❏ Identifying and tracking the fi
Page 102 and 103: There are two basic kinds of method
Page 104 and 105:
The two kinds of models are complem
Page 106 and 107:
Nation A$$Nation BMAPWhere?How?Targ
Page 108 and 109:
ORGANIZATION CHARTWho?Why?TARGET NA
Page 110 and 111:
Med.line (med’lin) vt. -lined, -l
Page 112 and 113:
Tracking a BW or Dual-Use Biotechno
Page 114 and 115:
The redundancy of the detailed kind
Page 116 and 117:
This followsStage of Weapon Life Cy
Page 118 and 119:
■ Ceremonial occasions can be ver
Page 120 and 121:
Massive Data?” However, the Case
Page 122 and 123:
When the first pass at the known en
Page 124 and 125:
Multidimensional Analysis for Strat
Page 126 and 127:
at an appropriate place in the time
Page 128 and 129:
When Col Boyd formulated the Decisi
Page 130 and 131:
problem, warning involves an in-dep
Page 132 and 133:
■ Observe the incoming reporting.
Page 134 and 135:
In the past—through the Industria
Page 136 and 137:
FROM HYPOTHESIS TO ASSESSMENTUsing
Page 138 and 139:
evidence. n. ... 5. Grounds for bel
Page 140 and 141:
suggested guidance and models of Ma
Page 142 and 143:
Using Homology Searching in Intelli
Page 144 and 145:
ways can be identified in this way
Page 146 and 147:
❏ Human intervention needed to ve
Page 148 and 149:
Input = (1) Analyst Input of METATE
Page 150 and 151:
Chapter 11MODELING OURSELVESHow can
Page 152 and 153:
When young children play soccer, th
Page 154 and 155:
To make matters worse, even the col
Page 156 and 157:
VERY NICEBut, simply stated, what d
Page 158 and 159:
From Software-Driven Tools Usage to
Page 160 and 161:
The Physical WorldSense 1O O D AThe
Page 162 and 163:
messenger to and from the edges of
Page 164 and 165:
The organization of the IC in this
Page 166 and 167:
Chapter 12GETTING THERE FROM HEREWe
Page 168 and 169:
From...Bigger Faster Technology,Fig
Page 170 and 171:
Chapter 13TOWARD AN INFORMATION-AGE
Page 172 and 173:
Robert Fulton sailed the steamshipC
Page 174 and 175:
tion, and it followed that they wer
Page 176 and 177:
drawn from a generation that thinks
Page 178 and 179:
mal or cultural population in terms
Page 180 and 181:
■ The IC needs to hire enough IT
Page 182 and 183:
By learning the lessons of Cynthia
Page 184 and 185:
INDEX3x5 card deck 51,134,137,142,1
Page 186 and 187:
Heisenberg, Werner 21, 111Heisenber
Page 188 and 189:
OODA Cycle 12, 38, 167Actor 62,102a
Page 190 and 191:
WMD 14-15, 81CBRNE 81, 114dual use
Page 192 and 193:
Other Books from the Joint Military
show all

Warning Analysis for the Information Age - Higgins Counterterrorism ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?