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Kenya Multi-Year Programme 2011-2013 - VVOB

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Indicator<strong>Year</strong>Military expenditure (7) 281 USD 2005 (est)Literacy rate adult population (+ 15yrs) (3) Literacy (functional) : 61.5% and 2005numeracy (functional): 64.5%Teacher/pupil ratio primary education (5b) 45:1 2009Teacher/pupil ratio secondary education (5b) 36:1 2009Corruption perception index(0=highly corrupt; 10=clean) (6)3.5 2009Sources: (1) UNDP Development Report 2009, (2) Central Bank of <strong>Kenya</strong> (3) <strong>Kenya</strong> Adult Literacy Survey 2006,(4) <strong>Kenya</strong> Bureau of Statistics <strong>Kenya</strong> Demographic and Health Survey June 2010, (5a) MOE Education Facts andFigures 2002-2008, (5b) (AG) PS MOE presentation during budget Joint Budget Meeting March 2010 (6)Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2009,(7) www.GlobalSecurity.org, (8) www.IndexMundi.com (9) World Bank Report on <strong>Kenya</strong> 21 March 2010,(10)Ministry of Finance <strong>Kenya</strong> Budget Speech 13 June 20101.2. Recent historyThe current president, Mwai Kibaki, came to power, for a second term, through the controversialelections of December 2007 that resulted in violent clashes which lead to more than 1,300 deaths and300,000 internally displaced people. It required the intervention of the international community (UnitedNations, African Union) to bring the country back from the brink of civil war and to forge a coalitiongovernment with Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) filling a newly createdposition of Prime Minister.The first Kibaki government (2003 – 2007) of the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) could not deliveron its promises of economic revival and ―zero tolerance towards corruption‖. A new proposedconstitution was rejected by 57% of the voters in a historic referendum, in november 2005. The ―Nocamp‖of the NARC-government went on to form the ODM.Since then, the proposed new constitution has been reviewed afresh, generating heated public andparliamentary debates on issues such as land ownership, abortion, kadhi courts (islamic familycourts). There will be a new referendum on 3 August 2010.1.3. Political context and perspectives1.3.1. Home affairsUp to early 2008, when the post-election violence erupted, <strong>Kenya</strong> had been a beacon of stability in avolatile region. Two years later, the country seems to have recovered from the tribal based politicalantagonism. The International Criminal Court received the ―go-ahead‖ to bring the mastermindsbehind the violence to book, helping the healing process. But there are still undercurrents, that mightsurface again at the next elections, in December 2012?Conflicts such as local battles between ethnic groups for water resources or grasing land are stilloccuring. Occasionally, some clashes erupt at the borders with neighbouring countries such asEthiopia, Sudan, Somalia. Over the years, there has been an increase of small ordonance andweapons, mainly as a result of the the influx of displaced people from neighbouring countries inconflict. <strong>Kenya</strong> was in the 14th position (out of 177) in the Failed States Index 1 2009 of the Fund forPeace (Washington).1 The Failed States Index uses parameters such as demografic pressure, displaced people, unbalanced economic development,poor services, human rights violations... The Fund for Peace‟s mission is ―to prevent war and to reduce causes of war‖.<strong>Kenya</strong> - <strong>Multi</strong>-<strong>Year</strong> <strong>Programme</strong> <strong>2011</strong>-<strong>2013</strong> 10/148

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