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Abundance, Size Structure and Quality of Silver-lip Pearl Oysters in the Solomon Islands Final, June 2008In 1993, ICLARM and the Solomon Islands Fisheries Division surveyed the abundance ofblack-lip pearl oysters around population centres on Guadalcanal, Malaita, Florida Islands,Russell Islands, New Georgia and Gizo and interviewed local villagers about the status ofthe stocks (Richards et al. 1994). The maximum abundance observed was 12 oysters perdiver hour, but most encounter rates were in the order of 2-3 oysters per diver hour. Theinterviewees claimed that oyster stocks had declined considerably over the previous tenyears.In June 2004, The Nature Conservancy and Department of Fisheries and Marine Resourcesof the Solomon Islands Government conducted a “broad-brush” assessment of commerciallyimportant species, including pearl oysters, in the main archipelago. Sixty-six sites,stretching from Choiseul and Shortland Islands in the northwest to the Three Sisters and SanCristobal in the southeast, were surveyed over a 6 day period. Thirty-five sites were locatedin coral reef habitats on parts of islands exposed to direct wind and wave action. The othersites were generally in sheltered lagoons and bays. At most sites, both shallow (5-10 mdeep) and deep (18-30 m) habitats were surveyed. In the shallow habitat, six 50 m long x 2m wide transects laid over the terrace or slope in shallow habitats were surveyed per site. Inthe deep habitat, five 50 m long x 5 m wide transects laid parallel to the reef crest and oversoft sediments or rubble were surveyed per site.Black-lip (Pinctada margaritifera) and brown-lip (Pteria penguin) pearl oysters were collectedin shallow and deep habitats and at sheltered and exposed locations, but no silver-lip pearloysters were found. Black-lip pearl oysters were found in 36.4% of the shallow habitats and4.8% of the deep habitats surveyed, whereas brown-lip pearl oysters were found in only6.1% of the shallow habitats and 12.7% of the deep habitats surveyed. In the shallow habitat,similar total numbers of black-lip (39) and brown-lip (41) pearl oysters were found.However, in the deep habitat, brown-lip pearl oysters (40) were an order of magnitude moreabundant than black-lip oysters (4). Black-lip oysters were equally abundant in shelteredand exposed locations, but brown-lip oysters were more abundant in sheltered locations.The respective average densities (no./ha) of black lip and brown-lip oysters was 9 and 11 inshallow habitats and 0.4 and 4 in deep habitats. In the shallow habitat, the mean number ofblack-lip oysters per transect was two-three times greater in Mbili Passage in MarovoLagoon (Western Province), Falabulu Island in Langalanga Lagoon (Malaita) and Gavutu inNgella (between Malaita and Guadalcanal) than at the other sites. Most of the black-lipoysters found in this habitat were large animals, with a DVM > 12 cm. The greatest densityof brown-lip oysters was found at Airasia in Are’ Are Lagoon.The Ecology Lab Pty Ltd – Marine and Freshwater Studies Page 4
Abundance, Size Structure and Quality of Silver-lip Pearl Oysters in the Solomon Islands Final, June 20082.0 STUDY METHODS2.1 Preliminary Investigations and Site Selection2.1.1 Pre-Survey Visit to Island CommunitiesAn essential part of the study was a visit to communities, selected on the basis of theirlocation in relation to previous exploitation of silver-lip pearl oysters. All sites were visitedat least two weeks before the main survey took place. At each community, meetings wereheld to inform people of the study, to ask permission to work in customary waters and toconduct interviews regarding historical distribution of pearl oysters, likely currentdistribution (and, hence prospective sampling sites) and occurrence of any recent or ongoingexploitation. During each interview, the study team sought to have at least one personpresent who could speak/translate pidgeon and the local dialect. A questionnaire(Appendix 1) was used to structure the interviews and a minimum of five local people whoexpressed personal experience of pearl oyster fishing were interviewed. Where possible,scientists undertook brief dives at likely sites using snorkel and/or scuba.2.1.2 Current ExploitationIn order to assess the likelihood of stock recovery, it is essential to have some knowledge ofany recent or ongoing exploitation. This was addressed by interviews with localcommunities, as described above. In addition, project participants from Solomon IslandFisheries examined centralised records in Honiara for any evidence of seizures of pearloysters over the past five to ten years.2.1.3 Site SelectionEight major fishing grounds for silver-lip pearl oysters were identified during the course ofpreliminary interviews with coastal communities. Scientists also undertook brief dives atlikely sites using scuba and/or snorkel. The grounds selected were those included thefollowing:• Malaita Island, Kau (9°S 161°E);• Marau Sound (9° S 160°E) at the eastern end of Guadalcanal;• Mboli Passage (9°S 160°E) a narrow division between two small islands, Nggela Sule andNggele Pile (formerly part of the Florida Islands) situated between the major islands ofGuadalcanal and Malaita;• Sandfly Passage (8° 59.869’ S, 160° 6.059’E) which separates Mbokonumbela Island fromNggela Sule in the Florida Island Group;• Mbili Passage (8°40.574’S, 158° 11.534’E) an eastern entrance to Marovo Lagoon,including the area enclosed by Sanihulumu Island;• Telina Island (8°31.168’S, 158° 11.534’ E) in Marovo Lagoon off the northern coast ofVangunu Island;• Kia (7° 34’S, 158° 37’ E) at the western tip of Isabel Island; and• Waghina Island (7• 26'S, 157• 42' E) situated SE of Choiseul Island.The Ecology Lab Pty Ltd – Marine and Freshwater Studies Page 5
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Stimulating investment in pearlfarm
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Appendix IAppendix IIAppendix IIIAp
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various project elements to describ
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PNGSolomon IsPNGCook IsVanuatuFijiF
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Figure 2. Typical coastal habitat f
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to work alongside WorldFish science
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least two weeks before the main sur
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duration of the dive, maximum botto
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3.7 Natural disastersEnvironmental
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• Legislative review is underway
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− Manning Strait islands− Suava
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incentive treatment that fits the l
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continuing to enter the market. Thi
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Provisions for further aquaculture
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• licences will relate to a parti
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species in Australia are 5 - 10 tim
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6.3 Investor’s recommendations fo
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Report on an EU project grant to th
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Summary• Historically, the blackl
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1. IntroductionBlacklip pearl oyste
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3. Nationwide surveysIn May-June 20
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10 spat collectors were attached at
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On a local scale, it was found that
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3025Normalised catch201510500 2 4 6
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30Spat collector -125201510a. NoroL
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Figure 10. The number of Cymatium,
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Figure 11. Intermediate culture tra
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% survival10090HatcheryWild80706050
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Thus, under the regime developed in
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7.3 Retention and mortality after s
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7.5 Seeding of hatchery-produced sp
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have used average values of $25, $3
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9. ReferencesBraley, R.D. 1997. Fin
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depend mainly on the quality of the
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Report to:World Fish CenterSuitabil
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Suitability of Habitats for Growth
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Report to:World Fish CenterWater Te
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Water Temperature and Cyclone Frequ
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Page 224 and 225: 1. Governance and political stabili
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to recede and presumably vanish und
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outcome is far from certain. There
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existing links, at locations within
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6. Forms of co-investment6.1 Partne
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8. Taxation and incentives8.1 Direc
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10. Labour laws10.1 Foreign workers
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GILLETT, PRESTON AND ASSOCIATES INC
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Page 21. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPearl far
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Page 42. BACKGROUNDPast research su
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Page 6million; in 2002, it exported
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Page 8the bead in an even, uniform
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Page 10alternative products. Most m
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Page 12fisheries-related activities
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Page 144.3. PolicyThe current gover
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5.2. Stocking densityPage 16Mature
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Page 18or harmful fouling organisms
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Page 20In addition to licensing und
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Page 22Much of this work will have
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Page 24provide them with technical
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Page 26management, disease control,
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Page 28Ministry of Development Plan
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Page 30‘seeding’ means the impl
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Page 326. Provision of statistical
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Page 3414. Aggrieved person may app
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Page 36Division V. Importation, mov
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Page 38(2) Separate fees are payabl
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Page 40Other forms of government su
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Page 42Solomon IslandsPEARL FARMING
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