Stimulating investment in pearl farming in ... - World Fish Center

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In addition to the licensing requirement, all aquaculture facilities and equipment must bebuilt, installed or constructed to standards approved by the Director of Fisheries. Forexample, all facilities need to have an effluent reservoir in which wastewater is to betreated before discharge. The Regulations also require biological means of effluenttreatment to be used (as opposed to chemical means) unless circumstances render itcostly or impractical. The Director may impose conditions to the aquaculture licencerelating to the method of water discharge or waste disposal. After inspection of thefacility, the Director may issue a certificate certifying the facility as fit and proper foraquaculture activities. Without this certificate it is prohibited to culture aquatic organismsin the facility.Only one aquaculture operation has been licensed in the last few years, a land-basedprawn farm on Guadalcanal, which is no longer operating. Because of the absence ofappropriate licensing mechanisms, this was licensed as a fish processing establishment.The only other aquaculture licence thought to have been issued in Solomon Islands wasto ICLARM (now the WorldFish Center) in the early 1990s for community aquacultureprojects supported by that organisation based on the grow-out and export of giant clamsproduced in the WorldFish hatchery.A revised version of the Fisheries Regulations was prepared in 2003, but for variousreasons has never been gazetted. The existing Regulations are likely to be superseded aspart of the ongoing review of the Fisheries Act. Like the 1998 Fisheries Act, the newdraft Act as it currently stands pays only limited attention to aquaculture. There is a needto strengthen the aquaculture provisions of the new Act prior to its finalisation, and toensure that aquaculture in general, and pearl farming in particular, are adequately coveredin regulations or other subsidiary legislation. Representations and recommendations arebeing provided to the review team to this effect. A set of draft regulations has beenprepared in consultation with the Attorney General’s Chamber representatives andMFMR and these can be found as an appendix to the report on “farming policy andguidelines” (Appendix VI) produced by this project.5.3 LicencingUnder present legislation, aquaculture facilities need to be licensed under the FisheriesAct 1998. It is recognised that the Act is extremely weak in its provisions for aquaculture,and there are no specific references or regulations relating to pearl farming. Detailedregulations for aquaculture were drawn up in 2002 and revised in 2003 but have neverbeen gazetted, and are therefore not in force. The rare aquaculture operations that havebeen licensed in the past have been classified as fish processing establishments. A fee ofSB$ 10,000 was payable for each species farmed, and the licence renewable annually.The country’s fisheries legislation is currently under review and is expected to bereplaced in 2009 with a new Fisheries Act and Regulations. This is expected to include aspecific regulation for pearl farming. Although the regulation is still subject toamendment, the most significant provisions are as follows:• licences will be for an initial period of ten years. Annual renewal will extendthe licence for a further, such that a pearl farmer is always guaranteed tenureof licence for ten years;25
• licences will relate to a particular area. Relocation by more than one kilometrefrom the original site may require a new licence application (at the discretionof the Director of Fisheries);• licencing will be structured so that pearl producing farms are distinct fromshell feeder farms;• farms must be situated at least 5 kilometres apart (measured by the shortestdistance over water);• farm size at any given location will be restricted to one million shell;• pearl oyster stocking densities will be restricted to 100,000 per hectare or oneshell per cubic metre of water occupied by the farm lines;• movement of shell (spat or adult) over a distance of greater than 25 km willrequire a permit;• importation of pearl shell from other countries will be prohibited;• hatcheries will be required to have an effluent disposal reservoir;• permits will be required for the importation of algal cultures and otherbiological material.The main purpose of the proposed regulation is to protect bona fide pearl farmers fromdisease and environmental problems resulting from bad husbandry practices (such asoverstocking and indiscriminate long-range movement of shell) by other operators.Provincial business licences are also required. The weak financial condition of provincialgovernments has from time to time led them to impose unrealistically heavy licence feesand there is now a move within the national government to relieve provincialgovernments of this function.Drafts of regulations, a policy statement and licence forms that we have prepared andrecommended to the Solomon Islands’ government are included in Appendix VI.6 Investor visitsA list of pearl companies operating in the Western Pacific was prepared and submitted toan industry consultant for selection of companies most worth contacting. From thesecontacts, five companies showed interest and three were able to confirm and completetheir visits. These were: Manihiki Pearls, Cook Islands Justin Hunter Pearls, Fiji (also representing Taylor Shellfish of the US) Arafura Pearls (Australia)The three individuals who visited Solomon Islands were:• Mr. Temu Okatai – Cook Islands• Mr. Justin Hunter – Fiji26
Page 1 and 2: Stimulating investment in pearlfarm
Page 3 and 4: Appendix IAppendix IIAppendix IIIAp
Page 5 and 6: various project elements to describ
Page 7 and 8: PNGSolomon IsPNGCook IsVanuatuFijiF
Page 9 and 10: Figure 2. Typical coastal habitat f
Page 11 and 12: to work alongside WorldFish science
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Page 17 and 18: 3.7 Natural disastersEnvironmental
Page 19 and 20: • Legislative review is underway
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Page 37 and 38: Summary• Historically, the blackl
Page 39 and 40: 1. IntroductionBlacklip pearl oyste
Page 41 and 42: 3. Nationwide surveysIn May-June 20
Page 43 and 44: 10 spat collectors were attached at
Page 45 and 46: On a local scale, it was found that
Page 47 and 48: 3025Normalised catch201510500 2 4 6
Page 49 and 50: 30Spat collector -125201510a. NoroL
Page 51 and 52: Figure 10. The number of Cymatium,
Page 53 and 54: Figure 11. Intermediate culture tra
Page 55 and 56: % survival10090HatcheryWild80706050
Page 57 and 58: Thus, under the regime developed in
Page 59 and 60: 7.3 Retention and mortality after s
Page 61 and 62: 7.5 Seeding of hatchery-produced sp
Page 63 and 64: have used average values of $25, $3
Page 65 and 66: 9. ReferencesBraley, R.D. 1997. Fin
Page 67 and 68: depend mainly on the quality of the
Page 69 and 70: Report to:World Fish CenterSuitabil
Page 71 and 72: Suitability of Habitats for Growth
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Suitability of Habitats for Growth
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Report to:World Fish CenterWater Te
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Water Temperature and Cyclone Frequ
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Report on an EU project grant to th
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1. Governance and political stabili
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Despite its present weaknesses, eff
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payments, but the authorities have
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to recede and presumably vanish und
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outcome is far from certain. There
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existing links, at locations within
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6. Forms of co-investment6.1 Partne
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8. Taxation and incentives8.1 Direc
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10. Labour laws10.1 Foreign workers
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GILLETT, PRESTON AND ASSOCIATES INC
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Page 21. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPearl far
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Page 42. BACKGROUNDPast research su
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Page 6million; in 2002, it exported
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Page 8the bead in an even, uniform
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Page 10alternative products. Most m
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Page 12fisheries-related activities
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Page 144.3. PolicyThe current gover
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5.2. Stocking densityPage 16Mature
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Page 18or harmful fouling organisms
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Page 20In addition to licensing und
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Page 22Much of this work will have
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Page 24provide them with technical
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Page 26management, disease control,
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Page 28Ministry of Development Plan
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Page 30‘seeding’ means the impl
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Page 326. Provision of statistical
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Page 3414. Aggrieved person may app
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Page 36Division V. Importation, mov
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Page 38(2) Separate fees are payabl
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Page 40Other forms of government su
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Page 42Solomon IslandsPEARL FARMING
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