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to a person who was not directly responsible tothe British Crown.Having decided that the Governor General shouldcontrol the Intelligence Bureau, which was to be“so organized as to be in a position to obtain for theuse of the Governor General, full information asto the internal political situation and the activitiesin the Provinces, of forces likely to impair peaceand order, and the staff acting in liaison withthe corresponding staff of the Governors, wouldform the channel of communication betweenthe Governors and the Governor General in theperformance of this branch of their duties.” 44 Thesuggestion was to create a separate set up forintelligence collection, directly under the IBIn the early 1930s, when a new constitutionwas being considered, the thought of organizingprovincial set up of the Intelligence Bureau wasdiscussed. In the third annual conference 45 ofthe Inspectors General of Police at Simla, from23rd to 26th May, 1932, it was recommendedthat the IB should be placed directly under thecontrol of the Governor General, and that itshould employ a number of Indian Police Serviceofficers as intelligence officers in the Provinces,under IB’s direct control. These officers were tobe designated as Central Intelligence Officers(CIO) and also as Assistant Directors or DeputyDirectors, according to their ranks, and the unitsin the provinces should be known as “SubsidiaryIntelligence Bureau” (SIB).On June 30, 1933, in a high level meeting atSimla, presided over the Viceroy, it was decidedthat the Governor General should have at hisdisposal, a system of intelligence collectionthroughout India, along with an agency forprocessing such intelligence. The need forIB’s own intelligence collection network wasrecognized and recommended. The proposalwas tentatively approved by the Secretary ofState, pending the results of deliberations of the44 Government of India, Reform Despatch No. 6 of 1932 andcorrespondences dated September,30 and October 2 of 1932and of April 30 and November 7 of 1933.45 Annual conference of the police and intelligence chiefs ofthe provinces was conceived as a method of sustaining theunity of the police force and homogeneity in police action inthe country in the context of the threat of the introduction ofprovincial autonomy and federal constitution. The first suchconference was held in 1930 and it has been continuingsince then.Joint Select Committee of Parliament, under theChairmanship of Lord Linlithgo.The Director, IB, in a separate note dated October,2, 1933 reiterated that the Bureau should be takenout of the control of the Home Department andplaced directly under the control of the GovernorGeneral. This was strongly objected to by the HomeSecretary and the Home Member. The Secretaryof State, a protagonist of the independence ofthe Bureau, in a long note tried to convince theJoint Select Committee, by referring to the terroristthreat and the need for not divesting the GovernorGeneral of essential powers and the instruments ofmaintaining law and order in India. This note hadconsiderable impact on the recommendations ofthe Joint Committee.The Government of India, however, held that foreffective handling of the subversive movement,the Intelligence Bureau should be under a FederalMinister. They argued that “the implication of apersonal law and order staff, under the GovernorGeneral, are far-reaching. Provisions on thoselines would be deeply resented by the Indianpublic opinion, and this resentment would, weare convinced, to be a serious obstacle, withwhich the personal staff would be continuouslyconfronted.” What will then be the outcome ofsuch confrontation? The Intelligence Bureau“would fail to serve the purpose for which itwas set up.” 46 The difference of opinion was notaltogether altruistic and inspired by the concernfor true federalism, but it reflected an inter-servicerivalry.Linlithgo was of the view that a federal system wasunsuitable for administration of India. The JointCommittee understandably had dwelt at length onthe need for a strong executive as, “nowhere in theworld is there such frequent need for courageousand prompt action, as in India”. They underscoredthe need for “protection of the police frompolitical pressures”, as they apprehended, “IndianMinisters would interfere with police action”. Therecommendations of the Joint Committee on theIntelligence Bureau and the provincial SpecialBranches were as follows:Firstly, the Committee was much concerned withthe protection of the identity of the informers /agents, in case the Bureau and the Special Branches46 Letter to the Secretary of State, dated January 30, 1933.20The Indian Police Journal, October - December, 2012, Special Issue
came under the control of Indian ministers. Theyrecommended that “the records of any suchintelligence department should be protectedfrom even the slightest danger of leakage.” Toobviate the possibility of the Indian ministerscoming to know the names of such agents, theCommittee recommended that “the instrumentsand instructions of the Government shouldspecifically require them to give directions that norecord relating to intelligence affecting terrorism,should be disclosed to anyone other than oneor two persons, who are directly dealing withthem.”Secondly, the Committee was of the view that nopurpose would be adequately served by placingthe Special Branch of the province under theGovernor. Instead, they recommended that theGovernor should be empowered to assume chargeof the department, if, according to him, the peaceand tranquility of the province is endangered, byovert or secret activities of persons who intend tooverthrow the Government.Thirdly, the Committee did not agree withthe suggestion that the IB should be under theexclusive control of the Governor General andthat the provincial Special Branches will becontrolled by the IB. There should, however,be close touch between the two, but to put theprovincial intelligence units under the IntelligenceBureau will tend “to break up the organic unity ofthe provincial police force.”Fourthly, on the question of exclusive controlof the Governor General over the IB, theCommittee stated that the IB “should, underthe new constitution, be assigned one of theGovernor General’s reserved departments, aspart of its normal activities.” The Committee,however, hoped that “the change in the formof Government, whether in the Centre or in theProvinces, should not involve any change in therelationship, which at present exists betweenthe Intelligence Bureau and the ProvincialIntelligence departments.”The Government of India Act, 1935 gave legalsanction to the suggestions. The IntelligenceBureau remained, by and large, under the directcontrol of the Governor General, though theHome Department of the Federal Governmentremained its immediate controlling authority.The fear that haunted the conscientiousIB officers, both at the Centre and in theProvinces, was that when the Provincial SpecialBranches would come under the Indian HomeMinisters, classified information about theNon-Cooperation and Civil Disobediencemovements, as well as some records of terroristactivities, might be leaked, resulting in exposureof sources, jeopardizing the safety of the agentsand informers. Thus, the credibility of entireorganization will be demolished.When the new ministers assumed office in theProvinces under the Government of India Act,1935, the mutual distrust between the intelligenceagencies and the people’s representatives wenton increasing. Many important secret and topsecret files, relating to the Non-cooperationand Civil Disobedience movements, were sentto the office of CIO of the Intelligence Bureau,which was statutorily secured from ministerialinterference, or to the Governor’s secretariat,either for destruction or for transfer to moresecured places. The Provincial Governmentsfrequently complained of spying on them by theCentral Intelligence.Control over the Intelligence organizationsremained a contentious issue till the outbreakof the Second World War, when under theDefence of India Act, ministerial authority overthe intelligence organizations was reduced.Again, on the eve of independence there wasgreat confusion about the sensitive records ofthe IB. Eventually, many records, especiallythose relating to the identity of the sources andinformers, were destroyed. Many sensitive fileswere removed to England. From many files,which are still in IB records, relevant papers havebeen removed, with a note in the notesheet.In the post-independence era, the IntelligenceBureau has expanded consequent upon themultiplicity of the problems that the nation hasbeen encountering. This great institution hasspawned several important security organizationslike Special Service Bureau, Special Security Force,Aviation Research Center, Indo-Tibetan BorderPolice Force, Research and Analysis Wing,Bureau of Aviation Security, Special ProtectionGroup, all for safeguarding the nation againstthe forces of disorder and destabilization.The Indian Police Journal, October - December, 2012, Special Issue 21
Page 1 and 2: The Indian Police JournalOctober -
Page 3 and 4: From the Director’s DeskNew Delhi
Page 5 and 6: 23rd December, 1887: TheJourney beg
Page 7 and 8: Courtesy - National Archives of Ind
Page 9 and 10: The Logo released on the completion
Page 11 and 12: Helmsmen of the IB during thePre-In
Page 13 and 14: SHRI V.G. VAIDYA, IPS(MAR 1992 TO J
Page 15 and 16: “Sleeman sahib ki jai”“No Cri
Page 17 and 18: their life and their problems relat
Page 19 and 20: Settling down of criminal tribes wa
Page 21 and 22: perish. Between 1841 and 1848, anot
Page 23 and 24: In conclusion, I would like to reco
Page 25 and 26: own race alone, had to be withdrawn
Page 27 and 28: a bee in his bonnet” 17 , and abo
Page 29 and 30: epresented by Tilak and his followe
Page 31 and 32: The agency more and more fine-tuned
Page 33: US was brewing, one William Hopkins
Page 37 and 38: neutralised many efforts by inimica
Page 39 and 40: e published by the Intelligence Bur
Page 41 and 42: As DD (Security), IB, I had occasio
Page 43 and 44: Chhomohlohri, all of them juxtapose
Page 45 and 46: Dormers Building, ShimlaThe Dormers
Page 47 and 48: eforms. Warren Commission, on the a
Page 49 and 50: and systems will increasingly come
Page 51 and 52: violence and destabilisation. This
Page 53 and 54: one develop. The all pervasive cult
Page 55 and 56: etween the states and the centre su
Page 57 and 58: Intelligence Agencies inIndian Demo
Page 59 and 60: Democracies are, today, everywhere
Page 61 and 62: depend substantially on the restrai
Page 63 and 64: Of Pistols and Pigs andthe Old Tidd
Page 65 and 66: it is lovingly caressed hundreds of
Page 67 and 68: Through the Eyes of an IB OfficerSh
Page 69 and 70: an Intelligence agency. He used to
Page 71 and 72: My J&K ExperienceShri R.K. Kapoor,
Page 73 and 74: there. We remained stranded there f
Page 75 and 76: Scaling Himalayan Heights withthe I
Page 77 and 78: proceed to Dungti to supervise the
Page 79 and 80: tour of the White House and Lincoln
Page 81 and 82: into unconsciousness two hours earl
Page 83 and 84: which was completed successfully wi
Page 85 and 86:
leaders. This happened around the t
Page 87 and 88:
My Unforgettable Yearsin the North-
Page 89 and 90:
stated that Prakash Singh, Assistan
Page 91 and 92:
take her into confidence. That woul
Page 93 and 94:
Police - Intelligence InterfaceShri
Page 95 and 96:
Shreekant Bapat and I surveyed the
Page 97 and 98:
excellence, dedication and commitme
Page 99 and 100:
Immigration, Inter-State Disputes,
Page 101 and 102:
Observations on India’s State and
Page 103 and 104:
assessments that arose after the ca
Page 105 and 106:
levels. The deficiencies of one par
Page 107 and 108:
of laying a network of useful roads
Page 109 and 110:
Technology in Intelligence-Future S
Page 111 and 112:
These are just some of the aspects
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 6: Open Source Information o
Page 115 and 116:
events) and inference from evidence
Page 117 and 118:
9North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Page 119 and 120:
Shri Dave was posted back to the lB
Page 121 and 122:
He even suggested separate pay scal
Page 123 and 124:
The Unsung HeroesThe Intelligence B
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