User's Manual - Cornell Lab of Ornithology - Cornell University

c = 331.4 1 + T273Appendix C: Sound Amplitude Measurementswhere T = temperature in °C (Beranek, 1986). Over the range -30° to +30°C this is approximatelyequal to(C.7)c = 331.4 + 0.607 T(C.8)For water, see Millero, et al. (1980) for formulas for density, and MacKenzie (1981) for formulasfor speed of sound.For further readingBeranek, L.L. 1986. Acoustics, revised edition. Published for the Acoustical Society of America bythe American Institute of Physics. xii + 491 p.Beranek, L.L. 1988. Acoustical Measurements, revised edition. Published for the Acoustical Societyof America by the American Institute of Physics. xiv + 841 p.Mackenzie, K.V. 1981. Nine-term equation for sound speed in the oceans. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.70(3): 807-812.Millero, F. J., C-T. Chen, A. Bradshaw, and K. Schleicher. 1980. A new high pressure equation ofstate for sea-water. Deep-Sea Res. 27A: 255-264.Moore, B.C.J. 1989. An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, 3rd ed. Academic Press, NewYork. 350 + xvi p.Urick, R. J. 1983. Principles of Underwater Sound, 3d edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.422 + xiii p.Canary 1.2 User’s Manual 217