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Assessment and Future Directions of Nonlinear Model Predictive ...

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138 T. Alamo et al.1515X 1X 2X 1X 210105500−5−5−10−10X 3−15−15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15−15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15Fig. 1. Sequence <strong>of</strong> outer bounds Ĉk leadingto an outer approximation <strong>of</strong> C ∞ robust control invariantFig. 2. Sequence <strong>of</strong> sets ˜C k leading to aset−15X 36 ConclusionsIn this paper, an algorithm that provides an outer approximation <strong>of</strong> C ∞ ispresented. This outer approximation has a number <strong>of</strong> practical <strong>and</strong> relevant applications.Based on the outer approximation <strong>of</strong> C ∞ , an algorithm that providesan inner approximation <strong>of</strong> C ∞ is given. This algorithm can be used to obtain arobust control invariant set for a piecewise affine system. An illustrative exampleis presented.References[1] Mayne, D.Q., Rawlings, J.B., Rao, C.V. <strong>and</strong> Scokaert, P.O.M. ”Constrained modelpredictive control: Stability <strong>and</strong> optimality”. Automatica, 36:789–814, (2000).[2] Limon, D., Alamo, T. <strong>and</strong> Camacho, E.F. ”Enlarging the domain <strong>of</strong> attraction <strong>of</strong>MPC controllers”. Automatica, 41(4):629–635, (2005).[3] Heemels,W., De Schutter, B. <strong>and</strong> Bemporad, A., ”Equivalence <strong>of</strong> hybrid dynamicalmodels”. Automatica, 37:1085–1091, (2001).[4] Lazar, M., Heemels, W.P.M.H., Weil<strong>and</strong>, S. <strong>and</strong> Bemporad, A. ”Stabilizationconditions for model predictive control <strong>of</strong> constrained PWA systems”. Proceedings<strong>of</strong> the 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision <strong>and</strong> Control. 4595-4600, (2004).[5] Johansson, M. <strong>and</strong> Rantzer, A., ”Computation <strong>of</strong> piecewise quadratic lyapunovfunctions for hybrid systems”. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,34(4):555–559, (1998).[6] Mignone, D., Ferrari-Trecate, G., <strong>and</strong> Morari, M. ”Stability <strong>and</strong> Stabilization <strong>of</strong>Piecewise Affine <strong>and</strong> Hybrid Systems: An LMI Approach. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the 39thIEEE Conference on Decision <strong>and</strong> Control. 504-509, (2000).[7] Rodrigues, Luis. ”Stability analysis <strong>of</strong> piecewise-affine systems using controlledinvariant sets”. Systems <strong>and</strong> Control Letters, 53(2):157-169, (2004).[8] Kerrigan, E.C. ” Robust Constraint Satisfaction: Invariant Sets <strong>and</strong> <strong>Predictive</strong>Control”. PhD thesis, University <strong>of</strong> Cambridge, (2000).

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