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Assessment and Future Directions of Nonlinear Model Predictive ...

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452 K.R. Muske, A.E. Witmer, <strong>and</strong> R.D. WeinsteinFlow Rate (mol/min) - Pressure (bar/4)252423222120191817161514131211109876543210control trajectory (mol/min)pressure pr<strong>of</strong>ile (bar/4)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Time (min)Fig. 4. Control trajectory <strong>and</strong> simulated tank pressure pr<strong>of</strong>ile393Target Final Moles Terminal Constraint (mol)3923913903893883873863850 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Time (min)Fig. 5. Target final moles <strong>of</strong> gas in the tankWe consider a desired value <strong>of</strong> n ⋆ D = 400 mol <strong>and</strong> a maximum operatingconstraint <strong>of</strong> PDmax = 100 bar for the tank pressure. At this pressure constraint,only 385 moles <strong>of</strong> gas can be stored in the tank assuming no thermodynamiclosses. Therefore, the maximum tank pressure is the most limiting constraintin this example. The inlet line pressure is simulated using an ideal gas nozzleflow equation with energy loss. The maximum gas flow rate is 25 mol/min. Thesample period is one minute. Figure 4 presents the dynamic constraint controltrajectory u(k) determined from Eq. 27 <strong>and</strong> the actual tank pressure. The first

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