Signalman 1 & C - Historic Naval Ships Association

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Figure 9-13.—IALA Maritime Buoyage System lateral marks, region B.5. Special marks—call attention to an area orspecific feature. Explanation of special marks may befound on the chart or in Sailing Ditrections or CoastPilots.Distinguishing MarksThe meaning of distinguishing marks dependsupon one or more of the following features:Buoy ShapeBy day—color, shape, and topmarkBy night—light color and phase characteristicsThere are five basic buoy shapes (fig. 9-14): thecan, nun, spherical, pillar, and spar. With the exceptionof the pillar and the spar buoys, the shape of the buoysindicates the correct side on which to pass. Can buoysFigure 9-14.—Types of buoys.are sometimes referred to as cylindrical buoys and nunbuoys are referred to as conical buoys. The term pillar9-14
is used to describe any buoy that is smaller than alighthouse buoy and has a tall, central structure on abroad base. Lighted buoys in the United States arereferred to as pillar buoys.TopmarksThe IALA Maritime Buoyage System makes useof can, nun, spherical, and X-shaped topmarks only.Topmarks on pillar and spar buoys are particularlyimportant to indicate the side on which they will bepassed and will be used, whenever practical.LightsWhere marks are lighted, red and green lights arereserved for port and starboard or starboard and portlateral marks. Yellow lights are for special marks, andwhite lights are used for other types that will bediscussed later in this chapter.Buoy ColorUnder region B of the IALA system, red buoysmark the starboard side of the channels, or the locationof wrecks or obstructions that must be passed bykeeping the buoy on the starboard (right) hand whenreturning from sea. Green buoys mark the port side ofthe channels, or the location of wrecks or obstructionsthat must be passed by keeping the buoy to port (left)hand when returning from sea.Red and green horizontally banded buoys are usedto mark obstructions and channel junctions. They maybe passed on either side, but sometimes the channel onone side is preferable. If the top band on the buoy isred, the preferred channel will be followed by keepingthe buoy to starboard. If the top band is green, thepreferred channel will be followed by keeping thebuoy on the port. However, in some instances it maynot be feasible for larger vessels to pass on either sideof such a buoy, and the chart should always beconsulted. The colors indicated above would bereversed for the region A buoy system.Red and white vertically striped buoys are“safe-water marks,” used to indicate the mid-channel,a fairway, or a landfall. These buoys are also used atthe beginning of some vessel Traffic SeparationSchemes at the entrances to busy ports, or in narrowpassages congested with heavy traffic.Solid yellow buoys are special-purpose buoystypically marking anchorage, fishnet areas, anddredging sites. These buoys have no lateral systemsignificance; but as most are shown on charts, they canoften serve to assist in determining one's position.Solid yellow buoys can be any shape.Buoy NumberingMost buoys are given numbers, letters, orcombinations of numbers and letters, which arepainted conspicuously on them or applied in whiteretroreflective material. These markings facilitateidentification and location of the buoys on the chart.Solid red or green buoys are given numbers orcombinations of numbers and letters. Other coloredbuoys are given letters. Odd numbers are used only onsolid green buoys; even numbers, on solid red.Numbers increase sequentially from seaward;numbers are sometimes omitted when there are morebuoys of one type than another.DAYBEACONS/DAYMARKSWhere daybeacons are substituted for unlightedbuoys, the color of the daymark will be the same andthe shape similar. Red daymarks will be triangular,approximating the shape of the top of a nun buoy.Square daymarks, corresponding to can buoys, will begreen.Daymarks equivalent to spherical buoys areoctagonal. The daymarks on a daybeacon replacing ayellow special-purpose buoy are diamond-shape.Daybeacons will be numbered or lettered withretroreflective material in the same manner as a buoyand will have a border of that material. Many havepanels of red and green reflective material. Somechannels may be marked with a combination of buoys,daybeacons, and lights.LATERAL MARKSLateral marks are generally used for well-definedchannels. They indicate the route to be followed andare used in conjunction with a conventional directionof buoyage. This direction is defined in two ways, asfollows:Local direction of buoyage—The direction takenby a mariner when approaching a harbor, river estuary,or other waterway from seawardGeneral direction of buoyage—In other areas, adirection determined by the buoyage authorities,following a clockwise direction around continental9-15
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NONRESIDENTTRAININGCOURSEJuly 1996S
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COMMANDING OFFICERNETPDTC6490 SAUFL
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PREFACEBy enrolling in this self-st
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CONTENTSCHAPTERPAGE1. Introduction
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PASS/FAIL ASSIGNMENT PROCEDURESIf y
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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL COM
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Phonetic AlphabetSome of the words
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SPOTTERThe spotter is the most valu
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CLASSIFICATIONCommunications Proced
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CHAPTER 2SIGNAL EQUIPMENTBefore Sig
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Five resistors are connected in par
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Because the lamp contains gas under
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Figure 2-7.—AN/SAT 2 infrared tra
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Figure 2-10.—Power conversion uni
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You were born with the finest optic
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assembly. Take care to keep lubrica
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The following steps are required to
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eye. Each eyepiece is adjustable th
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you may hear the sound of gas escap
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Figure 2-23.—Measuring and taping
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Page 2-24.Figure 2-24.—Completing
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off the remaining tail at this poin
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granted by the officer of the deck
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ADDRESS OF MESSAGEMost messages hav
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Figure 3-3.—Parts of a naval mess
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Figure 3-4.—The precedence of a m
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abbreviated service messages, the B
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Standing alone, prosign C means “
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Voice Call SignsVoice call signs ar
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Figure 3-6.—Numeral pennant call
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SHIPS' BOATS.—The following visua
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types of messages that you will be
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with other civil stations unless it
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Call SignsThe following call signs
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When required, a full answer, consi
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To request repetition of the second
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3. The aircraft should be maneuvere
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the receiving station follows suit
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SECURITYIn the interest of security
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ooks are transmitted by voice radio
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Table4-2.—Prowords—ContinuedPRO
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Table 4-2.-Prowords—ContinuedPROW
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EXECUTIVE METHODThe executive metho
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CHAPTER 5ALLIED FLAGHOIST PROCEDURE
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Figure 5-2.—Numeral pennants; spe
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More information on the hoisting of
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to the addressees or to the OTC if
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Example:If a junior commanding offi
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The SCREEN pennant is spoken, writt
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The letter N is also used for minus
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executive signal will be made by li
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CHAPTER 6INTERNATIONAL SIGNALINGIn
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Flashing light or sound signaling:
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CallingThe identity signal of the s
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These examples illustrate the conve
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Figure 6-1.—Morse signaling by ha
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5. MISCELLANEOUS6. METEOROLOGY—WE
Page 121 and 122: Figure 6-2.—Distress signals.A si
Page 123 and 124: Figure 6-3.—Lifesaving signals (p
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Page 127 and 128: signal is not hoisted to the dip; i
Page 129 and 130: CHAPTER 7CONVOY COMMUNICATIONSAltho
Page 131 and 132: Ships that pass through the MERZONE
Page 133 and 134: Figure 7-1.—Convoy formation grid
Page 135 and 136: TAKING UP FORMATIONWhen forming a c
Page 137 and 138: RADIOTELEGRAPHRadiotelegraph messag
Page 139 and 140: CHAPTER 8WATCHSTANDING DUTIESVisual
Page 141 and 142: Signalmen must be alert to respond
Page 143 and 144: where persons have fallen overboard
Page 145 and 146: Figure 8-2.—Visual communications
Page 147 and 148: Figure 8-3.—Watch-to-watch invent
Page 149 and 150: SIGNALTable 8-2.—Signals from a S
Page 151 and 152: Figure 8-4.-Vari-color signal illum
Page 153 and 154: Multipurpose LampWhen using the por
Page 155 and 156: Approach ShipThe approach ship main
Page 157 and 158: Figure 8-7.—Transfer-station mark
Page 159 and 160: CHAPTER 9NAVIGATIONAL DUTIESNavigat
Page 161 and 162: possible, then, to obtain relative
Page 163 and 164: distance on a Mercator chart, one m
Page 165 and 166: periodical announces new nautical c
Page 167 and 168: CLASS ABBREVIATION GENERAL DESCRIPT
Page 169 and 170: Sectors may be only a few degrees w
Page 171: Figure 9-12.—IALA Maritime Buoyag
Page 175 and 176: TopmarksBy day, topmarks are the mo
Page 177 and 178: -Spoil ground marksMilitary exercis
Page 179 and 180: Head-on SituationWhen two ships mee
Page 181 and 182: Figure 9-22.—Pilot vessel, under
Page 183 and 184: Figure 9-24.—Towing vessels less
Page 185 and 186: Dredging/Underwater OperationWhen a
Page 187 and 188: Figure 9-28.—Pushing ahead or tow
Page 189 and 190: INTERNATIONALMAKING WAYINLANDMAKING
Page 191 and 192: CHAPTER 10HONORS AND CEREMONIESFrom
Page 193 and 194: When displayed with foreign ensigns
Page 195 and 196: way do not half-mast the ensign alt
Page 197 and 198: Figure 10-2.—Personal flags and c
Page 199 and 200: concerned, or the senior officer pr
Page 201 and 202: commission that has no flag officer
Page 203 and 204: BOAT HAILSBoat hails are used durin
Page 205 and 206: PresidentTable 10-4.—Passing Hono
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Page 209 and 210: Page 10-19Figure 10-5.—Personal f
Page 211 and 212: RED CROSS FLAGThe Red Cross (Geneva
Page 213: NOTEOn a flagship where the command
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Precautionary measures must be take
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In setting a combination, numbers s
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have served their purposes, or are
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ehind pictures and radiators, and u
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A person about to be relieved will
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security should holdings fall into
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would be suitable for use as a seco
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These craft are capable of beaching
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CONTROL AREASLine of Departure (LOD
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station by displaying the designate
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ASSISTANT BOAT GROUPCOMMANDER (ABGC
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Figure l2-8.—Beach flags, markers
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Figure 12-9.—Standard flags and i
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a. Ships, Boats, and Landing CraftC
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In addition to megaphone, radio, an
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circle to the beach. The last 1,000
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Transmit the grid position using le
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Figure 12-16.—Arm and hand contro
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Figure 12-16.—Arm and band contro
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completed. At the end of start and
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wingspan provides the final clue fo
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Figure 13-8.—Fuselage shapesFigur
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SURFACE SHIPSThere are many types o
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Figure 13-13.—Classes of cruisers
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Figure 13-16.—Classes of frigates
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Figure 13-19.—Recognition silhoue
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Figure 13-19.—Recognition silhoue
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Figure 13-22.—Modern submarine.on
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Figure 13-24.—Sail placementFigur
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Figure 13-26.—Appearance groups.T
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Deckhouses are not raised. An islan
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Figure 13-32.—Types of king posts
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Figure 13-35.—Types of funnels.Fi
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CHAPTER 14TECHNICAL ADMINISTRATIONV
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the text on a page and improper cla
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From: Communications OfficerTo: All
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APPENDIX IGLOSSARYABEAM—Bearing 9
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PRECEDENCE—The relative order in
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Figure AII-1.—Formation of charac
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Drill 6This exercise contains all t
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Figure AII-2.—Semaphore alphabet
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Drill 2Practice sending and receivi
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APPENDIX IIIREFERENCE LISTChapter 1
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Replenishment at Sea, NWP 14, Chief
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Clearances, 11-4access, 11-6eligibi
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Flashing light procedure—Continue
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Radiotelephone—Continuedgeneral p
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Assignment QuestionsInformation: Th
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1-12. The multipurpose light is des
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1-40. What does an overscore over a
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1-65.1-66.1-67.1-68.1-69.1-70.In vi
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2-13. By which of the following mea
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2-40.2-41.2-42.2-43.What maneuver f
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2-66. What signals are reserved for
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3-12.3-13.3-14.3-15.3-16.3-17.You a
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3-38. What term denotes the positio
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3-63. You observe the following lig
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4-11.4-12.4-13.Your ship is receivi
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4-37.4-38.4-39.4-40.4-41.4-42.The O
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4-64.4-65.Grades assigned to exerci
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