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APPENDIXB.3: Harmonisinghousingprovision and subsidieswith the wider urbansystem with particularreference to the breakingnew ground (bng) policy
HARMONISING HOUSING PROVISION AND SUBSIDIES WITHTHE WIDER URBAN SYSTEM WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCETO THE BREAKING NEW GROUND (BNG) POLICYIt is clear that the provision of state and provincially subsidised housing for first-time homeowners who qualify for the once-off housing subsidy is accountable for a substantial amountof pressure to extend beyond the existing limits of the urban extent. One assumes that (a)the relatively lower cost of land in these peripheral areas makes the land component ofhousing delivery more affordable; (b) the assembly of extensive tracts of land at scale ismore easily achieved in these peripheral zones; and (c) the land in these areas is politicallyless contested than areas more embedded in the urban system where the not- in-my-backyard(NIMBY) syndrome is more prevalent.The issue, of course, is not new and has been debated vociferously since the transition.Much of the more recent Breaking New Ground (BNG) policy, in fact, seeks to redress this.Nevertheless, for as long as (a) housing provision continues to be seen as an element in itsown right only, and is considered in isolation of the urban system and its developmentalconsiderations as a whole; and (b) a 'one-size-fits-all' subsidy system persists, taking nocognisance of subsidy and policy harmonisation with other aspects of the urban system,such as transportation, for example, the issues and problems associated with marginalisedcommunities as driven by housing policy will remain intractable.The net result, however, whether intended or not, is spatially not acceptable. Equally, thesocio-economic consequences of this urban marginalisation, and the very real additionalcosts incurred by households in these areas, cannot be allowed to continue. Disproportionatelyhigher amounts of meagre incomes are spent on commuting relative to those elsewherein the urban system, and the costs of goods and services in these peripheral zones are, onbalance, higher. Social facilities, infrastructural services and amenities are also of lesserprovision and calibre and, at best, only the limited growth of a local economy is possibleunder these conditions of marginalisation.Not only does the urban structure fail, on these terms, to assimilate the marginalised poorinto the opportunities offered by the urban system, but the urban system itself also remainsunsustainable. Notwithstanding the high transport costs, for example, borne by households,the transportation subsidies incurred are also very high. Infrastructural services, socialfacilities and amenities are based on patterns of sprawled, low intensity urban expansionthat cannot be provided and maintained on a cost-effective basis. The mono-use patternsof urban development, notably extensive low-income housing, mean that no critical massand diversification of utility is possible, which similarly reduces the cost-effectiveness ofservice delivery.To be fair, one cannot simply ignore the very real problems associated with the NIMBYsyndrome, the difficulties of finding significant amounts of public land, and the cost of landin the better performing areas of the urban system. Yet it is precisely these areas wherebest advantage of the integration of low income housing into the urban system can andmust be gained. Again, however, the response to these difficulties cannot be a capitulationthat sees the very underpinnings of a sustainable urban system and the well-being of allthose in the city, particularly those who are the recipients of subsidised housing, beingcompromised. The leadership required to shape and direct a sustainable urban structure,and to accommodate the undoubted growth that is inevitably being targeted at the GCRin a positive way is a responsibility of Province that cannot be abrogated.The transformation of the urban structure of the GCR needs to directly challenge the basison which housing subsidies and delivery now takes place. Differentials in housing subsidiesmust be recognised by virtue of a favourable setting within the urban system from aneconomic opportunity point of view; the extent to which existing public transport systemscan be used or easily augmented; existing services can be used or easily augmented; existingsocial facilities can be used or easily augmented; and in which higher-density forms ofANNEXURE B: POLICY POSITION PAPERSGAUTENG SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2011GAUTENG GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY138
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THE GAUTENG SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRA
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TABLE OF CONTENTSSECTION 1: INTRODU
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Table A.2-iv: Summary - Typical per
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FIGURESSECTION 1: INTRODUCTIONFigur
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Figure A.2.4: Modelling key compone
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FOREWORD
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SECTION1:Introduction
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development framework around which
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SECTION 1: INTRODUCTIONcadastral in
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Not only does it seem necessary to
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SECTION 2: THE GSDF AS A CONCEPTA S
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disasters, shortages and changes in
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are to promote sustainability, equi
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It is legislated that metropolitan
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Similarly, there must be a consiste
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The corridors reflected in the figu
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Similarly, in the United Kingdom, i
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• urban compactness, also noted i
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With Johannesburg as the city syste
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Making sense of, and integrating, t
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Based on this figure, it is suggest
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On this basis, there is no reason w
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SECTION 2: THE GSDF AS A CONCEPTPRI
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SECTION 2: THE GSDF AS A CONCEPTPRI
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SECTION3:The modelling elements of
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value that goes with this can be de
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THE MODELLING THAT UNDERPINS THE GS
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MODEL 2: THE MORPHOLOGICAL MODELaro
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with lower levels of accessibility.
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MODEL 5: THE VIRTUAL MODEL ROOMSECT
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URBAN MANAGEMENT AND SPATIAL DEVELO
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making processes around these (for
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The intricacies of the urban struct
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SECTION 4: OUTCOMES OF APPLICATION:
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STEP SIX: URBAN DEVELOPMENT, MANAGE
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THE COMPOSITE SPATIAL STRUCTUREThe
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SECTION 4: OUTCOMES OF APPLICATION:
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FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
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SECTION 5: FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEM
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TRANSPORTATIONThe principles of urb
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URBAN STRUCTURING INITIATIVESSECTIO
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SECTION 5: FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEM
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It is not enough, however, to simpl
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APPENDIXA.1: The urban profile mode
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ANNEXURE A: THE 5 GIS-BASED MODELSF
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THE IDENTIFICATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL
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ANNEXURE A: THE 5 GIS-BASED MODELSU
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DEFINING THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONEN
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• Activity Spines, with a hierarc
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Page 102 and 103: comprises specialised trade, such a
Page 104 and 105: • Development Intensity: Land are
Page 106 and 107: THE REGIONAL NODEDevelopment Yield:
Page 108 and 109: THE TYPICAL PERFORMANCE DIMENSION O
Page 110 and 111: TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS: URB
Page 112 and 113: ANNEXURE A: THE 5 GIS-BASED MODELSF
Page 116 and 117: Figures A.2.13-15 show the same are
Page 120 and 121: THE CONNECTIVITY MODELANNEXURE A: T
Page 122 and 123: CONNECTIVITY MODEL 2This iteration
Page 124 and 125: CONNECTIVITY MODEL 4The fourth iter
Page 126 and 127: CONNECTIVITY MODEL 6The final itera
Page 128 and 129: THE BID-RENT MODELThe Bid-Rent Mode
Page 130 and 131: TOPOGRAPHIC SUITABILITYThe Topograp
Page 132 and 133: THE SPATIAL POLICY SUPPORT INDEXThe
Page 134 and 135: SURFACE CONSTRAINTSThe Surface Cons
Page 136 and 137: APPENDIXA.5Model 5 - the virtualmod
Page 138 and 139: TSHWANE STATIONS123Existing conditi
Page 140 and 141: APPENDIXB.1: Restrictingurban spraw
Page 142 and 143: urban edge, many of the municipal S
Page 144 and 145: ANNEXURE B: POLICY POSITION PAPERSF
Page 146 and 147: APPENDIXB.2: A densification policy
Page 148 and 149: The model that is to guide both res
Page 152 and 153: housing and mixed-uses can be reali
Page 158 and 159: THE PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE TRANSP
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Page 162 and 163: Possible outer extentsof urban deve
Page 164 and 165: APPENDIXB.5: Thecase principles ofs
Page 166 and 167: sustainable and efficient. A long-t
Page 168 and 169: ANNEXURE B: POLICY POSITION PAPERSB
Page 170 and 171: APPENDIXC.1: Thefreight and logisti
Page 172 and 173: overall platform on which more focu
Page 174 and 175: A further south-eastern regional hu
Page 176 and 177: ANNEXURE C: POLICY PERSPECTIVESFigu
Page 178 and 179: APPENDIXC.2: A perspective guidingt
Page 180 and 181: anges of hills or mountains, whethe
Page 182 and 183: APPENDIXC.3: Preservationof landhav
Page 186 and 187: URBAN CONSOLIDATION ZONESThe physic
Page 188 and 189: APPENDIXC.5: Indicativepatterns ofe
Page 194 and 195: APPENDIXC.6: Integrationof the rura
Page 196 and 197: opportunity that goes with being ab
Page 198 and 199: ANNEXURED: The package of plans
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In order to achieve spatial integri
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LEVEL ESSENTIAL FOCUS AND SCOPE SCA
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LEVEL ESSENTIAL FOCUS AND SCOPE SCA
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ANNEXUREE: Glossary of terms
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Brownfield Land and SitesPreviously
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ANNEXURE E: GLOSSARY OF TERMSTown -
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Development ManagementThe process w
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Geographic Spread Programme (DTI)Th
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ANNEXURE E: GLOSSARY OF TERMSIntegr
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ANNEXURE E: GLOSSARY OF TERMSSpatia
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ANNEXURE E: GLOSSARY OF TERMSUrban
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ANNEXURE E: GLOSSARY OF TERMS• Ur
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