Racism - A Short History - George M Fredrickson.pdf - WNLibrary

Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi, Assimilation and Racial Anti-Semitism: The
Iberian and German Models, Leo Baeck Memorial Lecture 26 (New
York, 1982).
35. Bartlett, Making of Europe, 240–242; Poliakov, History of
Anti-Semitism, 2:328–357.
36. See Friedman, Monstrous Races.
37. Eduardo Aznar Vallejo, “The Conquests of the Canary Islands,”
in Implicit Understandings: Observing, Reporting, and Reflecting
on the Encounters between Europeans and Other Peoples in the
Early Modern Era, ed. Stuart B. Schwartz (Cambridge, Eng., 1994),
134–156.
38. Ronald Sanders, Lost Tribes and Promised Lands: The Origins
of American Racism (Boston, 1978), 92–102.
39. Quoted in Anthony Pagden, The Fall of Natural Man: The
American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology (Cambridge,
Eng., 1982), 116.
40. Quoted in ibid., 140. See 109–144 for a good account of
the debate.
41. For a more detailed account of the debate between Las
Casas and Sepúlveda, see Lewis Hanke, Aristotle and the American
Indians (Bloomington, Ind., 1970; orig. pub. 1959). Las Casas later
came to regret his endorsement of African enslavement.
42. Pagden, Fall of Natural Man, 33, 38.
43. Sanders, Lost Tribes, 114, 120–121, 343–344; Robin Blackburn,
The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern,
1492–1800 (London, 1997), 64–76; Jordan, White over Black, 15–
19.
44. Magnus Mörner, Race Mixture in the History of Latin
America (Boston, 1967). See also Carl Degler, Neither Black nor
White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States
(New York, 1971).
45. This paragraph is indebted to an excellent piece of unpublished
scholarship—Noam Leslau, “A Conflict of Nations: Limpieza
de Sangre, Medieval Communities, and the Emergence of Spanish
National Identity” (honors thesis in history, Stanford University,
1999).
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