Racism - A Short History - George M Fredrickson.pdf - WNLibrary

African Americans; ethnicity; whites; ining Western imperialism and, 108–
white supremacist racism
109; historic use of term, 1–2, 5; mod-
Race: A Study in Modern Superstition (Bar- ern forms of, 4–5, 139–146, 148–150;
zun), 163, 165
relation of modernity to, 94–95; from
“race prejudice,” 167 religious intolerance to modern, 40–
race purity ideal: American South “one- 41; social construction of modernity
drop rule” and, 124; Aryan myth on, to, 99–100; social formation of, 75;
90–92, 156, 164; interracial marriage/ World War II as historic turning
miscegenation bans and, 101; Nazi point of, 127; xenophobia compared
German policies on, 126; Spanish pu- to, 6, 140, 146. See also biological racrity
of blood doctrine and, 32–34, 35, ism; overtly racist regimes; Western
40–42, 53. See also Aryan myth; bio- European racism; white supremacist
logical racism racism
“race relations situations,” 92–93 Racism (Hirschfeld), 162
Race: Science and Politics (Benedict), 165 “le racisme d’exploitation,” 9
Race: The History of an Idea in America “le racisme d’extermination,” 9
(Gossett), 168 racism of exclusion, 9–10
Race: The History of an Idea in the West racism of inclusion, 9–10
(Hannaford), 168 “Racism: The ism of the Modern
The Racial Basis of Civilization (Han- World” (Benedict), 165
kins), 159 racist ideology: apartheid, 3–4, 109–110,
racial characteristics: religious convic- 133–137; as characteristic of overtly
tions vs., 140–141; skin color as, 30– racist regimes, 101; “cultural essen-
31, 39, 52–54, 57–60, 136, 142
tialism” expression of, 3–4; distinracial
Darwinism, 85–86, 108, 114 guished from other belief systems,
racialism: described, 160–161; romantic, 169–170; Herrenvolk, 136; of inherent
154 inferiority of blacks, 79–81; as politi-
racialized societies, 101–102, 107
cal project, 75; racial Darwinism, 85–
racism: ambiguous meanings of mod- 86, 108, 114; reactionary modernism,
ern, 151–156; comparing culturalism 119; scavenger nature of, 8; of Span-
and, 7–8, 34; comparing Western and ish purity of blood doctrine and, 32–
non-Western, 10–11; difference and 34, 35, 40–42, 53; special features of
power components of, 9; distinction Western European, 146–148; tracing
between ethnocentrism and, 155, the origins of modern, 46–47; Volk-
169; economic role played in, 92–93; geister (national souls) and, 8, 70, 89,
emergence as human rights issue, 92, 118, 119. See also supernaturalist
104, 128–129, 132; Enlightenment sci- racism
entific support of, 56–57, 64; examin- “radical racism” era (U.S.), 110–11
ing modern meanings of, 5–13; exam- Radical Republicans (U.S.), 83, 106
203