Racism - A Short History - George M Fredrickson.pdf - WNLibrary

Enlightenment universalism and, 74– many) on, 2, 123–124, 125, 164–165;
75; failures in achieving, 142–143; fos- racist regime legal enforcement of,
tered by external pressures in U.S., 101; South African apartheid, 110,
131–132; German Jewish question 133–134, 136–137; South African laws
and, 71–72, 77; limitations of racial protecting white labor (1920s) by,
liberalism for, 166; medieval Jews ex- 117; South African preapartheid,
cluded from, 22–23; pre-Darwinian 184n.2; Supreme Court decisions
scientific racism and, 68–69; racist re- (1917–1939) supporting, 115; U.S. Jim
prisal to demand for, 93; systematic Crow laws on, 83, 101, 102, 109, 110–
exclusions of, 104–105; Völker exclu- 111, 129, 130, 137, 167
sively having, 92; Western racism de- ethnocentrism, 155, 169. See also cultur-
veloped in context of, 10–11
alism
Ethiopian Coptic Church, 27–28 Ethnological Society of Paris (1841–
Ethiopians, 57
1847), 67–68
ethnic discrimination: continuation of ethnology: American School of, 66–67,
modern, 141–146; conversion of Span- 79–80; focus on polygenesis by nineish
Jews to escape, 32; democratic teenth-century, 66–68; role in British
revolution challenging European, 64– abolition debate by, 63; regarding
66; distinguished from racism, 23–25; Semites, 90; support of racism by
German self-preservation justifica- eighteenth-century, 57–59
tion for, 90; as justified by dysfunc- eugenics movement, 128
tional subculture, 142; against Muslim
immigrants to West, 149; Spanish
purity of blood and, 32–34, 35, 40–
Evans, William McKee, 29
42, 53; during U.S. Reconstruction pe- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 71–72, 135
riod, 81–84
“final solutions”: evident during Ger-
ethnicity: as based on myth of collec- man colonialism, 113; international
tive ancestry, 139–140; as criterion for shock to World War II, 128. See also
German national identity, 69–70; dif- Holocaust
ferences of in Spanish Jews, 40–41; na- First Crusade (1096), 19
tionalism/citizenship vs. identifica- France: cultural assimilation in, 142; de-
tion with, 69–70; race described as, bate over racial origins of population
154–155. See also race of, 163; Dreyfus affair in, 76; ethnoethnic
segregation: association between logical discourse in, 66, 67–68; exclu-
McCarthyism and U.S., 131; Cold sion and egalitarian norms of, 68–69;
War Soviet propaganda on U.S., 130; Hitler’s attacks on tolerance of, 121;
Jim Crow laws (U.S.) on, 83, 101, Napoleon’s discriminatory laws and
102, 109, 110–111, 129, 130, 167; Nu- Jews of, 69; “the new racism” of,
remberg Laws of 1935 (Nazi Ger- 141–142
197