Racism - A Short History - George M Fredrickson.pdf - WNLibrary

were relegated to pariah status and isolated from the larger
society, they became external to the official hierarchy of
estates or status groups and therefore became truly Other
and expendable. The premise of equality that operated for
Christians was that all were equal in the eyes of God, whatever
their earthly station. Those medieval Christians who
viewed Jews as children of the Devil in effect excluded them
from membership in the human race for which Christ had
died on the cross. (They also excluded non-Jewish witches
and heretics, but not because of their ethnicity.) The scriptural
passage most often quoted to associate Jews as a collectivity
with Satan was Christ’s denunciation of the Jews
who rejected him: “You are of your father the devil, and
your will is to do your father’s desires” (John 8:44 RSV).
The historian Robert Bartlett has argued that the racism
or protoracism of the late Middle Ages extended well
beyond the Jews. As the core of Catholic Europe expanded,
conquering and colonizing the periphery of the continent,
attitudes of superiority to indigenous populations anticipated
the feelings of dominance and entitlement that would
characterize the later expansion of Europeans into Asia, Africa,
and the Americas. If the demonization of the Jews established
some basis for the racial antisemitism of the modern
era, the prejudice and discrimination directed at the
Irish on one side of Europe and certain Slavic peoples on
the other foreshadowed the dichotomy between civilization
and savagery that would characterize imperial expansion
beyond the European continent. “On all the newly
settled, conquered or converted peripheries,” Bartlett
writes, “one can find the subjugation of native populations
to legal disabilities, the attempt to enforce residential segre-
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