Racism - A Short History - George M Fredrickson.pdf - WNLibrary

Frye Jacobson, Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants
and the Alchemy of Race (Cambridge, Mass., 1998).
42. Michael Omi and Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the
United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s (New York, 1994), 71.
43. The standard works on the Jewish experience of emancipation
are Katz, Out of the Ghetto, and Sorkin, Transformation of
German Jewry.
44. See Peter Pulzer, The Rise of Political Anti-Semitism in
Germany and Austria, rev. ed. (Cambridge, Mass., 1988; orig.
pub. 1964).
45. These events are described and analyzed in James F. Harris,
The People Speak! Anti-Semitism and Emancipation in Nineteenth-
Century Bavaria (Ann Arbor, 1994).
46. The unevenness of emancipation is described in Katz, Out
of the Ghetto, and in Pulzer, Jews and the German State.
47. Sorkin, Transformation of German Jewry, 109, 173 (quotation),
and passim.
48. On the impact of Marr’s book, see John Weiss, Ideology
of Death: Why the Holocaust Happened in Germany (Chicago, 1996),
97–98; and Katz, From Prejudice to Destruction, 260–261.
49. Mosse, Final Solution, 164–166; Katz, From Prejudice to
Destruction, 265–269.
50. Fredrickson, Black Image, chap. 2.
51. Ibid., 76–90.
52. Thomas Virgil Peterson, Ham and Japheth: The Mythic
World of Whites in the Antebellum South (Metuchen, N.J., 1978).
53. See George M. Fredrickson, The Arrogance of Race: Historical
Perspectives on Slavery, Racism, and Social Inequality (Middletown,
Conn., 1988), 15–27, for a discussion of efforts to reconcile race
and class in antebellum South Carolina.
54. See Leon F. Litwack, North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free
States, 1790–1860 (Chicago, 1961), and Joanne Pope Melish, Disowning
Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and “Race” in New England,
1780–1860 (Ithaca, 1998).
55. Rayford W. Logan, The Betrayal of the Negro: From Rutherford
B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson (New York, 1965).
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