Racism - A Short History - George M Fredrickson.pdf - WNLibrary

NOTES to Pages 56–67
7. Peter Pulzer, Jews and the German State: The Political History
of a Minority (Oxford, 1992), 69.
8. Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze, ed., Race and the Enlightenment:
A Reader (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), 13. Another useful anthology
of racial thought in the formative era of scientific racism is H. F.
Augstein, ed., Race: The Origins of an Idea, 1760–1850 (Bristol,
1996). Eze focuses on Continental thought and Augstein mostly
on British.
9. Eze, Race and the Enlightenment, 83–87; see also Augstein,
Race, 58–67.
10. For an extended discussion of the chain of being and its
application to race in the eighteenth century, see Jordan, White
over Black, 216–239.
11. Eze, Race and the Enlightenment, 15–28; Augstein,
Race, 1–9.
12. Quoted in Peabody, “There Are No Slaves,” 66.
13. See Jordan, White over Black, 512–525 and passim.
14. Quoted in Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wipperman,
The Racial State: Germany, 1933–1945 (Cambridge, Eng., 1991), 24.
15. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Virginia (1784), in The Life and
Selected Writings of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Adrienne Koch and William
Peden (New York, 1944), 256–262.
16. Quoted in Poliakov, Aryan Myth, 158–159.
17. See H. Hoetink, The Two Variants of Caribbean Race Relations:
A Contribution to the Sociology of Segmented Societies, trans.Eva
M. Hooykaas (London, 1967).
18. Alden T. Vaughan, Roots of American Racism: Essays on the
Colonial Experience (New York, 1995), 16–19, 33.
19. George M. Fredrickson, White Supremacy: A Comparative
Study in American and South African History (New York, 1981), 39–
40, 116–117.
20. Lionel B. Steiman, Paths to Genocide: Antisemitism in Western
History (New York, 1998), 137.
21. Michael Adas, Machines as the Measure of Men: Science,
Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance (Ithaca, 1989), 291
and passim.
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