Racism - A Short History - George M Fredrickson.pdf - WNLibrary

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INDEX American Indians (cont’d) Anti-Judaism, 18–19, 172n.5. See also me- of Spanish treatment of, 41–42; Euro- dieval antisemitism pean admiration of appearance of, Anti-Semitic League (German), 78 60; free from Crucifixion blame, 37, antisemitism: of central and eastern Eu- 41; Valladolid debate (1550) over sta- ropean nations, 103; comparing histotus of, 36–38 riographies of white supremacism American racial divisions, 57 and, 90–95, 156–168; contribution to “American School of Ethnology,” 66– modern racism by, 46–47; current 67, 79–80 persistence of, 143–144; democratic American South: association of defeat revolution challenging, 64–66; as Gerwith African Americans in, 106; aver- man cultural code function, 113–114; sive racism triggered in, 10; emanci- German fear of Jewish success and, pation of slaves in, 81–84; examining 78–79; German political exploitation rise of racist regime in, 105; imperialof, 84; interwar decline of German, ism ideology and segregation of, 110; Jim Crow laws of, 83, 101, 102, 109, 110–111, 129, 130, 137, 167; miscege- nation/interracial sex/intermarriage banned in, 124; “the one-drop rule,” 124; as overtly racist regime, 1–2, 101, 102–103; white supremacy in the, 102–103. See also overtly racist regimes; Reconstruction period (U.S.); United States American white supremacy: comparing historiographies of antisemitism and, 90–95, 156–168; comparing South Af- 113–114; origins and development of medieval, 18–23; post–World War II literature on, 166; Spanish purity of blood doctrine as, 32–34, 35, 40–42, 53; Voltaire’s secularized racial, 61– 62; World War I defeat and rise of German, 106, 107, 162–163. See also German Jews; Holocaust; Jews; medieval antisemitism apartheid ideology: Afrikaner nationalism and, 3–4; end of, 138; “native segregation” basis of, 110, 133–134; origins/development of, 109–110, 134– 137; völkisch nationalism element of, rican and, 102–103; development of, 135–137. See also South Africa 80–81, 111–112; efforts of liberal in- Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 153–154, 160 terracialists to change, 116; fear of Aristotle, 36 sexual pollution/violation by, 120; Aryan myth: as justification of humanfound in post–Civil War South, 102– ity crimes, 92; Nazi embrace of, 164; 103; impact of emancipation on, 81– political purpose of, 90–91; racism ap- 84; as limited description of racism, plied to, 156 155–156; “white man’s burden” justi- “ascriptive Americanism,” 91 fication of, 111. See also African assimilation: French cultural, 142; Ger- Americans; white supremacist racism man debate over Jewish, 71–72; Hit- Andrews, George Reid, 102 ler’s criticism of, 121; immigrants to 194
U.S. and, 73–75; practiced by Ameri- British abolition (1833), 63, 65 can Indian tribes, 155 Bruno, Giordano, 52 Atlanta riot (1906), 111 Auschwitz, 126 Buffon, Georges-Louis de, 58 Austria, 103 aversive racism triggers, 10 caballero complex, 42 Canary Islands colonization, 35–36 Caucasian racial division, 57, 90–91, baaskap (mastership), 110 Back, Les, 8 Bartlett, Robert, 23–24 Barzun, Jacques, 163–164 Baudet, Henri, 27 Bauman, Zygmunt, 100, 156–157 beauty images, 59–60 Benedict, Ruth, 165–166 Best, George, 44 biological racism: American South “one-drop rule” as, 124; ethnology 156. See also whites Cell, John, 100 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 89, 159, 161, 163 Christianity: anti-Judaism endemic to, 18–19; medieval antisemitism development and, 18–27; Negrophilia and, 27–29; position on Jewish conversion by, 44–45, 103; racism vs. unity of mankind belief of, 52–54, 66; role in Spanish national identity by, 41; saving Jewish souls notion by, 20–21; susupport of, 57–59, 63, 66–68, 79–80, pernaturalist racism vs. salvation doc- 90; purity of blood doctrine (Spain) trine of, 46–47; treatment of Spanish as form of, 32–34, 35, 40–42; skin Jews converted to, 31–33, 34–35; color and, 30–31, 39, 52–54, 57–60, view of race by early, 17 136, 142. See also race purity ideal; Cold War: racial equality fostered by, racism 131; South African apartheid era dur- Bismark, Otto von, 77, 83, 84 ing, 132–138; U.S. racial reform dur- Black Death (fourteenth century), 22, ing, 129–132, 137–138 25–26 colonialism. See Western European im- Blackmun, Harry, 143 perialism blacks. See African Americans; African “Coloreds” population (South Africa), slavery 136–137 Bley, Helmut, 112 color line: “new world order” and, 148– “blood libels,” 20–23, 53 149; replaced by faith/creed lines, Blumenbach, Johnann Friedrich, 56–57 148; skin color as, 30–31, 39, 52–54, Boas, Franz, 115, 116, 117 57–60, 136, 142 le bon Nègre iconography, 27 Columbus, Christopher, 36 Bormann, Martin, 121 Commission to Study the International Braude, Benjamin, 44 Organization of the Peace (1944 re- Brazil, 105 port), 129 195
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RACISM
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GEORGE M. FREDRICKSON RACISM A Shor
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For Donald Fleming, mentor and frie
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODU
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the course of ca
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RACISM
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INTRODUCTION to rationalize the pra
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INTRODUCTION ality can do the work
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INTRODUCTION linguistically based m
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INTRODUCTION endowed with national
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INTRODUCTION readily to white supre
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INTRODUCTION society who are so des
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ONE Religion and Invention of Racis
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TWO The Rise of Modern Racism(s) Ca
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THREE Climax and Retreat regimes ha
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THREE Climax and Retreat occupied a
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THREE Climax and Retreat internatio
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THREE Climax and Retreat ries—wou
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THREE Climax and Retreat were comin
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THREE Climax and Retreat quickly be
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THREE Climax and Retreat gained leg
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THREE Climax and Retreat tural code
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THREE Climax and Retreat Prominent
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THREE Climax and Retreat ernment an
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THREE Climax and Retreat cultural a
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THREE Climax and Retreat latter wen
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THREE Climax and Retreat tives for
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THREE Climax and Retreat when self-
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THREE Climax and Retreat than 70 pe
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EPILOGUE Racism in the Twenty-First
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EPILOGUE Racism in the Twenty-First
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