Racism - A Short History - George M Fredrickson.pdf - WNLibrary

NOTES to Pages 141–163
3. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups, 50.
4. On the “new racism” in the United States and Great Britain,
see David Theo Goldberg, Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics
of Meaning (Cambridge, Mass., 1993), 70–89; and Paul Gilroy,
“One Nation under a Groove: The Politics of ‘Race’ and Racism in
Britain,” in Anatomy of Racism, ed. David Theo Goldberg (Minneapolis,
1990), 263–282. French “culturalism” is analyzed in Tzvetan
Todorov, On Human Diversity: Nationalism, Racism, and Exoticism in
French Thought, trans. Catherine Porter (Cambridge, Mass., 1993),
156–157.
5. See George M. Fredrickson, “America’s Diversity in Comparative
Perspective,” Journal of American History 85 (1998): 859–875.
On “rational discrimination,” see Dinesh D’Souza, The End of Racism:
Principles for a Multiracial Society (New York, 1995), and my review
of it in the NewYorkReviewofBooks, October 19, 1995, 10–16.
6. Regents of the Univ. of Calif. v Bakke, 438, U.S. 265, 407
(1978).
7. See Bernard Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into
Conflict and Prejudice (New York: 1999, orig. pub. 1986), 193–272.
But Lewis is careful to point out that popular, as opposed to official,
antisemitism is not highly developed in the Arab world.
8. On Britain, see Robert Miles, Racism after “Race Relations”
(London, 1993); and Paul Gilroy, “There Ain’t No Black in the Union
Jack”: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (Chicago, 1991; orig.
pub. 1987). On France, see especially Michel Wieviorka, La France
raciste (Paris, 1992).
9. See Horowitz, Ethnic Groups.
10. Hamish Dickie-Clark, “The Study of Conflict in South Africa
and Northern Ireland,” Social Dynamics 2 (1976): 53–59.
11. Fredrickson, “America’s Diversity.”
12. See Benjamin R. Barber, Jihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism
and Tribalism Are Reshaping the World (New York, 1996).
APPENDIX The Concept of Racism in Historical Discourse
1. George M. Fredrickson, White Supremacy: A Comparative
Study in American and South African History (New York, 1981), xii.
190