Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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Appendix III Location Reference Data Contributor Start Year End Year Data Type Antigua and Barbuda Adey and Burke 1976 1974 1974 Descriptive text Antigua and Barbuda Hughes 1750 1750 1750 Descriptive text Antigua and Barbuda Wigley 1977 1976 1976 Descriptive text Antigua and Barbuda Creary, Marcia 2007 2008 Percent cover Aruba Roos 1971 1966 1966 Descriptive text Aruba Bak, Rolf 1986 1986 Percent cover Bahamas Dahl et al. 1974 1971 1971 Descriptive text Bahamas Milliman 1967 1964 1964 Descriptive text Bahamas Newell and Rigby 1957 1951 1964 Descriptive text Bahamas Storr 1964 1964 1964 Descriptive text Bahamas Bruno, John 2010 2011 Percent cover Bahamas Creary, Marcia 1994 2006 Percent cover Bahamas Lang, Judith 2011 2011 Percent cover Bahamas Mumby, Peter; 2004 2007 Percent cover Harborne, Alastair Barbados Allard 1994 Thesis 1992 1992 Percent cover Barbados Butsch 1939 1939 1939 Descriptive text Barbados Hughes 1750 1750 1750 Descriptive text Barbados Lewis 1960 1959 1959 Descriptive text Barbados Lewis 1984 1980 1980 Relative abundance Barbados Liddell and Ohlhorst 1988 1977 1977 Percent cover Barbados Ott 1975 1971 1971 Descriptive text Barbados Stearn et al. 1977 1976 1976 Descriptive text Barbados Tomascik and Sander 1987 1982 1982 Percent cover Barbados Williams and Polunin 2001 1997 1997 Percent cover Barbados Brathwaite, 1982 1982 Percent cover Angelique Barbados Oxenford, Hazle 1993 2006 Percent cover Belize Aronson et al. 1998 1980 1980 Descriptive text Belize Aronson et al. 2002 1975 1985 Descriptive text; Relative abundance Belize Dahl et al. 1974 1971 1971 Descriptive text Belize James and Ginsburg 1979 1978 1978 Descriptive text Belize Macintyre et al. 1981 1980 1980 Descriptive text Belize McClanahan and Muthiga 1970 1996 Percent cover 1998 Belize Miller and Macintyre 1977 1976 1976 Descriptive text Belize Purdey et al 1975 1974 1974 Descriptive text Belize Rutzler and Macintyre 1982 1979 1979 Presence/ absence Belize Stoddart 1962 1961 1961 Descriptive text Belize Williams and Polunin 2001 1998 1998 Percent cover Belize Bruno, John 2009 2011 Percent cover Belize Hardt, Marah; 2004 2004 Percent cover Paredes, Gustavo Belize Koltes, Karen 1994 2012 Percent cover Belize Mcfield, Melanie 1997 1999 Percent cover Belize Mcfield, Melanie 1997 1999 Percent cover Bermuda Dodge et al. 1982 1978 1978 Percent cover Bermuda Hochberg, Eric 1993 2007 Percent cover Bermuda Thaddeus Murdoch 2004 2012 Percent cover Bermuda Weil, Ernesto (CRTR Program) 2005 2009 Percent cover STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 99
Location Reference Data Contributor Start Year End Year Data Type Bonaire Roos 1971 1966 1966 Descriptive text Bonaire Scatterday 1974 1974 1974 Descriptive text Bonaire Van Duyl 1985 1980 1980 Relative abundance Bonaire Van’t Hof 1983 1982 1982 Descriptive text Bonaire Bak, Rolf; Nugues, 1974 2008 Percent cover Maggy Bonaire De Meyer, Kalli 1994 1997 Percent cover Bonaire Sommer, Brigitte 2008 2009 Percent cover Bonaire Steneck, Bob 2002 2011 Percent cover BVI Adey and Burke 1976 1974 1974 Descriptive text BVI Dunne and Brown 1979 1978 1978 Relative abundance BVI Forrester, Graham 1992 2012 Percent cover Cayman Islands Rigby and Roberts 1976 1967 1967 Descriptive text Cayman Islands Roberts 1971 1967 1976 Descriptive text Cayman Islands Roberts 1974 1973 1973 Descriptive text Cayman Islands Roberts 1977 1977 1977 Descriptive text Cayman Islands Williams and Polunin 2001 1997 1997 Percent cover Cayman Islands Croy, McCoy; Bush; 1995 2001 Percent cover Philippe Cayman Islands Fenner, Douglas 1988 1988 Percent cover Cayman Islands Miller, Jeff 1992 1992 Percent cover Cayman Islands Manfrino, Carrie 1999 2011 Percent cover Cayman Islands Weil, Ernesto (CRTR 2005 2009 Percent cover Program) Colombia Erhardt & Werding 1975 1966 1966 Descriptive text Colombia Garzon-Ferreira and 1982 1982 Percent cover Kielman 1993 Colombia Geister 1986 1969 1969 Descriptive text Colombia Kucurko 1977 1977 1977 Descriptive text Colombia Liddell and Ohlhorst 1988 1977 1977 Percent cover Colombia Milliman 1969 1966 1966 Descriptive text Colombia CARICOMP 1998 2006 Percent cover Colombia Friedlander, Alan 2000 2000 Percent cover Colombia Rodriguez-Ramirez, 1993 2005 Percent cover Alberto Costa Rica Cortes and Jimenez 1993 1981 1993 Percent cover Costa Rica Cortes and Risk 1983 1982 1982 Relative abundance; Presence/ absence Cuba Kuhlmann 1971 1964 1964 Relative abundance Cuba Williams and Polunin 2001 1998 1998 Percent cover Cuba Alcolado, Pedro 1994 1997 Percent cover Cuba Bruno, John 2010 2011 Percent cover Cuba Hardt, Marah; 2005 2005 Percent cover Paredes, Gustavo Curacao Bak 1976 1975 1975 Relative abundance Curacao Bak and Luckhurst 1980 1973 1978 Relative abundance Curacao Bries et al 2004 1971 1971 Descriptive text Curacao Liddell and Ohlhorst 1988 1977 1977 Percent cover Curacao Roos 1964 1961 1961 Relative abundance Curacao Roos 1971 1966 1966 Descriptive text 100 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
Page 1 and 2:
Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
Page 23 and 24:
Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
Page 49 and 50: Caribbean, where the mass mortality
Page 51 and 52: FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
Page 53 and 54: or avoidance behavior by larvae and
Page 55 and 56: of disease and coral death. These a
Page 57 and 58: contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
Page 59 and 60: TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
Page 61 and 62: Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
Page 63 and 64: 2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
Page 65 and 66: Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
Page 67 and 68: Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
Page 69 and 70: is, for example, for degree heating
Page 71 and 72: 1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
Page 73 and 74: Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
Page 75 and 76: CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
Page 77 and 78: Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
Page 79 and 80: Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
Page 81 and 82: 80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 99: 98 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 103 and 104: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 105 and 106: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 107 and 108: Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
Page 109 and 110: Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
Page 111 and 112: Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
Page 113 and 114: PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
Page 116 and 117: COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
Page 118 and 119: Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
Page 120 and 121: 7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
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1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153:
Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
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2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
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CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
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Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
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18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
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Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
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Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
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General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
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25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
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Page 188 and 189:
GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
Page 190 and 191:
Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
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Page 202 and 203:
Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
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Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
Page 206 and 207:
April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Map Contributor Location Time Perio
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6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
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from disease and bleaching. Disease
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Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
Page 232 and 233:
US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
Page 238 and 239:
39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
Page 244:
Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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