Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ, Kraemer GP, Minnery GA, Viada ST (1984) Hermatypes of the Flower Garden Banks, northwestern Gulf of Mexico: a comparison to other western Atlantic reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 34: 461-476. 2 Dokken QR, MacDonald IR, Tunnell JW, Beaver CR, Boland GS, et al. (1999) Long-Term Monitoring at the East and West Flower Garden Banks, 1996-1997. OCS Study MMS99-0005. New Orleans: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region. 3 Dokken QR, MacDonald IR, Tunnell JW, Wade T, Dilworth SJ, et al. (2003) Long-Term Monitoring at the East and West Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, 1998 - 2001. U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service: Texas A&M University, Center for Coastal Studies. 97 p. 4 Pattengill-Semmens C, Gittings SR, Shyka T (2000) Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary: A Rapid Assessment of Coral, Fish, and Algae Using the AGRRA Protocol. Silver Spring, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Sanctuaries Division. 22 p. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 179
FRENCH ANTILLES Coauthors: Claude Bouchon, Yolande Bouchon-Navaro, Max Louis, Franck Mazeas, Jean-Philippe Maréchal, Pedro Portillo, Ewan Tregarot and Reef Check Geographic Information Guadeloupe Martinique St. Barthélemy Coastal Length (km): 576 365 32 Land Area (km 2 ): 1,746 1,151 22 Maritime Area (km 2 ): 28,764 18,673 4,000 Population: 436,366 408,147 9,072 Reef Area (km 2 ): 275 155 10 Number of hurricanes in the past 20 years: 8 Fig. 17.1 Map of French Antilles, codes represent studies listed in Table 17.1. Missing map code(s) due to unavailable coordinates. Table 17.1 Data sources from French Antilles used in current study. Map codes represent individual studies. For exact location of study, refer to Fig. 17.1; * denotes original data; for full references, refer to published literature sources in the last section. Map Code Contributor Location Time Period Year Count Coral Diadema antillarum Macroalgae 1 Bouchon, Claude; Bouchon, Yolande* 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Martinique 2001-2007 7 X X X 1 Bouchon, Claude; Bouchon, Yolande* 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 St. Barthélemy Fish 2002-2011 10 X X X 180 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
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FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
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or avoidance behavior by larvae and
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of disease and coral death. These a
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contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
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TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
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Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
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2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
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Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
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Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
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is, for example, for degree heating
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1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
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Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
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CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
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Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
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Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
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80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
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Location Reference Data Contributor
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Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
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Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
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Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
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PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
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COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
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Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
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7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
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Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
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BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
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2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
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BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153: Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
Page 156 and 157: CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
Page 158 and 159: 2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
Page 160 and 161: CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
Page 164 and 165: 18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
Page 168 and 169: Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
Page 170 and 171: General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 174 and 175: Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
Page 176 and 177: 25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 184 and 185: Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
Page 188 and 189: GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
Page 190 and 191: Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
Page 194 and 195: JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
Page 198 and 199: Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
Page 202 and 203: Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
Page 204 and 205: Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
Page 206 and 207: April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
Page 210 and 211: Map Contributor Location Time Perio
Page 212 and 213: 6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
Page 216 and 217: from disease and bleaching. Disease
Page 218 and 219: Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
Page 224 and 225: Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
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TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
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US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
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Fig. 33.2 Average percent cover of
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Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
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39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
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Fig. 34.2 Average percent cover of
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Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
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Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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