Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy Austin, Phillippe Bush, Douglas Fenner, Carrie Manfrino, Croy McCoy, Jeff Miller, Ivan Nagelkerken, Nicholas Polunin, Ernesto Weil, Ivor Williams, AGRRA, CARICOMP and Reef Check Geographic Information Coastal Length: 217 km Land Area: 287 km 2 Maritime Area: 123,274 km 2 Population: 47,502 Reef Area: 231 km 2 Number of hurricanes in the past 20 years: 4 Fig. 8.1 Map of Cayman Islands, codes represent studies listed in Table 8.1. Missing map code(s) due to unavailable coordinates. Map Code Contributor Location Time Period Year Count 1 Croy, McCoy; Bush, Philippe/ CARICOMP* 1 2 Fenner, Douglas* 2 Grand Cayman Little Cayman; Cayman Brac 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001 Coral 1988 1 X Diadema antillarum Macroalgae 4 X X Fish Table 8.1 Data sources from Cayman Islands used in current study. Map codes represent individual studies. For exact location of study, refer to Fig. 8.1; * denotes original data; for full references, refer to published literature sources in the last section. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 143
Map Code Contributor Location Time Period Year Count 3 Nagelkerken, Ivan* 3 Grand Cayman 4 Miller, Jeff* Little Cayman; Cayman Brac 5 AGRRA* 4,5 Grand Cayman; 6 Manfrino, Carrie* 6 Little Cayman; Cayman Brac 7 Weil, Ernesto* Grand Cayman 8 Williams, Ivor; Polunin, Nicholas* 7 Grand Cayman 9 Bauer 1980 8 Grand Cayman a Reef Check* Grand Cayman Coral 2006 1 X Diadema antillarum Macroalgae 1992 1 X X 1999-2000 2 X X X 1999-2011 13 X X Fish 2005, 3 X X 2006, 2009 1997 1 X X X 1977 2 X 1997-1998 2 X Fig. 8.2 Average percent cover of live corals and macroalgae for Grand Cayman (A & C), and Little Cayman and Cayman Brac (B). Dotted line represents the average of all Caribbean data collected for this report; solid lines are for the data plotted. (Codes same as in Table 8.1 and Figure 8.1) 144 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
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FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
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or avoidance behavior by larvae and
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of disease and coral death. These a
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contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
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TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
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Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
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2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
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Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
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Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
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is, for example, for degree heating
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1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
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Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
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CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
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Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
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Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
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80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
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Page 93 and 94: 92 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 101 and 102: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 107 and 108: Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
Page 109 and 110: Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
Page 111 and 112: Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
Page 113 and 114: PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
Page 116 and 117: COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
Page 118 and 119: Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
Page 120 and 121: 7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153: Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
Page 156 and 157: CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
Page 158 and 159: 2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
Page 160 and 161: CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
Page 164 and 165: 18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
Page 168 and 169: Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
Page 170 and 171: General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 174 and 175: Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
Page 176 and 177: 25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 180 and 181: Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
Page 184 and 185: Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
Page 188 and 189: GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
Page 190 and 191: Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
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JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
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Fig. 21.2 Average percent cover of
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Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
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Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
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April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
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Map Contributor Location Time Perio
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6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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from disease and bleaching. Disease
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Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
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Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
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TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
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US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
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Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
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39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
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Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
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Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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