Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of macroalgae for 6 locations in Belize: Atoll Leeward (A), Atoll Windward (B), Central Barrier (C), Inner Barrier (D), Northern Barrier (E) and Southern Barrier (F). Dotted line represents the average of Caribbean data collected for this report; solid lines are drawn through data presented. (Codes same as in Table 1 and Figure 1) Fig. 4.4 Average density of Diadema antillarum for all Belize locations combined. Dotted line represents the average of Caribbean data collected for this report; solid lines are drawn through data presented. (Codes same as in Table 4.1 and Figure 4.1) Fig. 4.5 Average biomass of parrotfishes and groupers for 6 locations in Belize: Atoll Leeward (A), Atoll Windward (B), Central Barrier (C), Inner Barrier (D), Northern Barrier (E) and Southern Barrier (F). Dotted line represents the average of Caribbean data collected for this report; solid lines are drawn through data presented. (Codes same as in Table 4.1 and Figure 4.1) STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 129
Timeline 1950s: Development of commercial fishing 1960s: Forming of fishing cooperatives 1972: Research started at Carrie Bow Cay, coral cover around 60% 1981: British Honduras becomes Belize 1981: Half Moon Caye Natural Monument declared (first MPA) 1983-1984: Mass mortality of Diadema 1987: Hol Chan Marine Reserve established, coral cover
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
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FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
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or avoidance behavior by larvae and
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of disease and coral death. These a
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contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
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TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
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Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
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2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
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Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
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Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
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is, for example, for degree heating
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1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
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Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
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CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
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Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
Page 79 and 80: Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
Page 81 and 82: 80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 101 and 102: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 107 and 108: Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
Page 109 and 110: Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
Page 111 and 112: Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
Page 113 and 114: PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
Page 116 and 117: COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
Page 118 and 119: Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
Page 120 and 121: 7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153: Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
Page 156 and 157: CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
Page 158 and 159: 2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
Page 160 and 161: CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
Page 164 and 165: 18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
Page 168 and 169: Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
Page 170 and 171: General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 174 and 175: Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
Page 176 and 177: 25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 178 and 179: Fig. 16.2 Average percent cover of
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Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
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GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
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Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
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Fig. 20.2 Average percent cover of
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JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
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Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
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Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
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Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
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April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
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Map Contributor Location Time Perio
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6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
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from disease and bleaching. Disease
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Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
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Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
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TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
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US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
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Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
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39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
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Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
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Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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