Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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from disease and bleaching. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 87: 19-31. Colin PL (1978) Caribbean reef invertebrates and plants. University of Puerto Rico, Department of Marine Sciences. Neptune City, New Jersey: TFH Publications 511 p. Flynn K, Weil E (2009) Variability of Aspergillosis in Gorgonia ventaliba in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 45: 215-220. García JR, Morelock J, Castro R, Goenaga C, Hernández-Delgado EA (2003) Puertorican reefs: research synthesis, present threats and management perspectives. In: Cortés J, editor. Latin American Coral Reefs. San José, Costa Rica: Elsevier. pp. 111-130. Garcia-Sais J, Appeldoorn R, Battista T, Bauer L, Bruckner AW, et al. (2008) The state of coral reef ecosystems of Puerto Rico. In: Wadell JE, Clarke AM, editors. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States and Pacific freely associated states: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 73. 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Caribbean Journal of Science 45: 9. 7 Weil E, Cróquer A, Urreiztieta I (2009) Temporal variability and impact of coral diseases and bleaching in La Parguera, Puerto Rico from 2003-2007. Caribbean Journal of Science 45: 221-246. 4 Weil E, Torres JL, Ashton M (2005) Population characteristics of the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum (Philippi) in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Revista de Biología Tropical 53: 219-231. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 215
SABA, ST. EUSTATIUS & ST. MAARTEN Coauthors: Kenny Buchan, Adolphe Debrot, Paul Hoetjes, AGRRA and CARICOMP Geographic Information Coastal Length: 16/ 21/ 27 km Land Area: 13/ 23/ 37 km 2 Maritime Area: 10,367/ 1,591/ 434 km 2 Population: 1,484/ 3,384/ 7,539 Reef Area: 214/ 12/ 5 km 2 Number of hurricanes in the past 20 years: 7 (Saba and St. Eustatius) Fig. 27.1 Map of Saba, codes represent studies listed in Table 27.1. Missing map code(s) due to unavailable coordinates. Table 27.1 Data sources from Saba. Map codes represent individual studies. For exact location of study, refer to Fig. 27.1; * denotes original data; for full references, refer to published literature sources in the last section. Map Code Contributor Location Time Period Year Count 1 Kenny, Buchan/ CARICOMP* 2 AGRRA* 2 Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Maarten Saba 1993-1998, 2003 Coral 1999 1 X Diadema antillarum Macroalgae 6 X X X Fish 216 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
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FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
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or avoidance behavior by larvae and
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of disease and coral death. These a
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contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
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TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
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Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
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2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
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Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
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Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
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is, for example, for degree heating
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1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
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Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
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CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
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Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
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Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
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80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
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Location Reference Data Contributor
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Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
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Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
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Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
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PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
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COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
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Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
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7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
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Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
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BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
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2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
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BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
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Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
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24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
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Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
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Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
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Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
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CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
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Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
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COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
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1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
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Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
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2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
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CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
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Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
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18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
Page 168 and 169: Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
Page 170 and 171: General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 172 and 173: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 174 and 175: Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
Page 176 and 177: 25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 180 and 181: Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
Page 184 and 185: Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
Page 188 and 189: GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
Page 190 and 191: Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
Page 194 and 195: JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
Page 198 and 199: Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
Page 202 and 203: Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
Page 204 and 205: Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
Page 206 and 207: April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
Page 210 and 211: Map Contributor Location Time Perio
Page 212 and 213: 6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
Page 218 and 219: Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
Page 224 and 225: Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
Page 230 and 231: TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
Page 232 and 233: US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
Page 236 and 237: Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
Page 238 and 239: 39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
Page 242 and 243: Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
Page 244: Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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