Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth limits of Bermudan scleractinian corals: a submersible survey. Marine Biology 88: 175-187. Garrett P, Ducklow H (1975) Coral diseases in Bermuda. Nature 253: 349-350. Garrett P, Smith DL, Wilson AO, Patriquin D (1971) Physiography, ecology and sediments of two Bermuda patch reefs. Journal of Geology 79: 647-668. Jones RJ (2011) Environmental effects of the cruise tourism boom: sediment re-suspension from cruise ships and the possible effects of increased turbidity and sediment deposition on corals (Bermuda). Bulletin of Marine Science 87: 659-679. Jones RJ, Johnson R, Noyes T, Parsons R (2012) Spatial and temporal patterns of coral black band disease in relation to a major sewage outfall. Marine Ecology Progress Series 462: 70-92. Locke JM, Coates KA, Bilewitch JP, Holland LP, Pitt JM, et al. (2013) Biogeography, biodiversity and connectivity of Bermuda’s coral reefs. In: Sheppard C, editor. Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Coral Reefs of the World: Springer. pp. 153-172. Logan A (1988) Holocene reef of Bermuda. Sedimenta IX. Miami Beach: Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory. 62 p. Luckhurst BE (1999) A fishery-independent assessment of Bermuda’s coral reef fish stock by diver census following the fish pot ban - a progress report. Proceedings of the 46th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. pp. 309-323. Luckhurst BE, Booth S, Zeller D (2003) Brief history of Bermudian Fisheries, and catch comparison between national sources and FAO Records. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 11(6): 163-169. Luckhurst BE, Ward JA (1996) Analysis of trends in Bermuda’s fishery statistical database from 1975 to 1990 with reference to fishery management measures implemented during this period. Proceedings of the 44th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Hamilton, Bermuda. pp. 306-324. Murdoch TJT, Glasspool AF, Outerbridge M, Ward J, Manuel S, et al. (2007) Large-scale decline in offshore seagrass meadows in Bermuda. Marine Ecology Progress Series 339: 123-130. Smith SR, de Putron S, Murdoch TJT, Pitt JM, Nagelkerken I (2013) Biology and ecology of corals and fishes on the Bermuda platform. In: Sheppard C, editor. Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Coral Reefs of the World: Springer. pp. 135-151. Smith SR, Sarkis S, Murdoch TJT, Weil E, Cróquer A, et al. (2013) Threats to coral reefs of Bermuda. In: Sheppard C, editor. Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Coral Reefs of the World Springer. pp. 173-188. Smith-Vaniz WF, Collete BB, Luckhurst BE (1999) Fishes of Bermuda: history, zoogeography, annotated checklist, and identification keys. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 4. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. Towle EL, Carney RS, Mahon RS (1991) Report to the Commission of Inquiry to examine and make recommendations for the future of the Fishing Industry and for the future of the Marine Environment in Bermuda. Bermuda: Government Information Services. 40 p. Ward JA, Luckhurst BE (1996) Development of a lobster-specific trap in Bermuda and fisheries management considerations for the re-establishment of a commercial lobster fishery. Proceedings of the 44th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Hamilton, Bermuda. pp. 566-578. Published Data Sources 6 Bauer JC (1980) Observations on geographical variations in population density of the echinoid Diadema antillarum within the western north Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science 30: 509-515. 1 Dodge REL, A.; Antonius, A. (1982) Quantitative reef assessment studies in Bermuda: A comparison of methods and preliminary results. Bulletin of Marine Science 32: 745-760. 5 Hammond MP, Murdoch TJT, Glasspool AF, Outerbridge M, Clee J, et al. (2008) Assessment of spatial management practices for enhancing fish populations in Bermuda. BREAM Programme, Bermuda Biodiversity Project, Bermuda Zoological Society. 154 p. 3 Huijbers CM, Grol MGG, Nagelkerken I (2008) Shallow patch reefs as alternative habitats for early juveniles of some mangrove/seagrass-associated fish species in Bermuda. Revista De Biología Tropical 56: 161-169. 4 Murdoch TJT, Hammond MP, Glasspool AF, Outerbridge M, Clee J, et al. (2008) A multi-scale assessment of the benthic communities of Bermuda’s shallow water platform focusing on existing MPA’s & control sites to enhance local management practices. BREAM Programme, Bermuda Biodiversity Project, Bermuda Zoological Society. 88 p. 7 Pitt JM, Trott TM (In Press) Insights from a survey of the recreational fishery in Bermuda. Proceedings of the 65th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. Santa Marta, Colombia. 2 Smith SR (1998) Bermuda. In: Kjerfve B, editor. CARICOMP - Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove sites Coastal region and small island papers 3. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 247-258. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 135
BONAIRE Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Paul Hoetjes, Ayana Elizabeth Johnson, Ramon de Leon, Kalli de Meyer, Gabriel Grimsditch, Erik Meesters, Ivan Nagelkerken, Gerard Nieuwland, Maggy Nugues, Stuart Sandin, Brigitte Sommer, Bob Steneck, AGRRA, CARICOMP and Reef Check Geographic Information Coastal Length: 120 km Land Area: 279 km2 Maritime Area: 3,569 km2 Population: 13,453 Reef Area: 68 km2 Number of hurricanes in the past 20 years: 0 Fig. 2.1 Map of Bahamas, codes represent studies listed in Table 2.1. Missing map code(s) due to unavailable coordinates. Fig. 6.1 Map of Bonaire, codes represent studies listed in Table 6.1. Missing map code(s) due to unavailable coordinates. Table 6.1 Data sources for Bonaire used in current study. Map codes represent individual studies. For exact location of study, refer to Fig. 6.1; * denotes original data; for full references, refer to published literature sources in the last section. Map Code Contributor Location Time Period Year Count 1 Rolf, Bak; Nugues, Maggy; Niewland, Gerard, Meesters, 1979, 1983, 1989, 1991- 1993, 1997- 1999, 2001- 2003, 2006, 2008-09 Erik *1,2,3,4 Leeward 1973-74, Coral Diadema antillarum Macroalgae 17 X X Fishes 2 De Meyer, Kalli/ CARICOMP* 5 Leeward 1994-1997 4 X X X 3 Grimsditch, Gabriel *6 Leeward 2009 1 X X X 136 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
Page 1 and 2:
Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
Page 3 and 4:
Dedication: This book is dedicated
Page 5 and 6:
Phase shifts ......................
Page 7 and 8:
Introduction This is the 9th status
Page 9 and 10:
Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
Page 11 and 12:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
Page 13 and 14:
STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
Page 15 and 16:
The greatest overall changes in cor
Page 17 and 18:
heating events are surprisingly fla
Page 19 and 20:
PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
Page 21 and 22:
A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
Page 23 and 24:
Sampling units are defined as follo
Page 25 and 26:
Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
Page 27 and 28:
Country or Territory Location # of
Page 29 and 30:
Compilation of the great majority o
Page 31 and 32:
Two other major survey programs beg
Page 33 and 34:
mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
Page 35 and 36:
Changes in coral cover were similar
Page 37 and 38:
FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
Page 39 and 40:
TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
Page 41 and 42:
The disparate reef histories in Fig
Page 43 and 44:
2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
Page 45 and 46:
Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
Page 47 and 48:
Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
Page 49 and 50:
Caribbean, where the mass mortality
Page 51 and 52:
FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
Page 53 and 54:
or avoidance behavior by larvae and
Page 55 and 56:
of disease and coral death. These a
Page 57 and 58:
contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
Page 59 and 60:
TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
Page 61 and 62:
Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
Page 63 and 64:
2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
Page 65 and 66:
Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
Page 67 and 68:
Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
Page 69 and 70:
is, for example, for degree heating
Page 71 and 72:
1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
Page 73 and 74:
Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
Page 75 and 76:
CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
Page 77 and 78:
Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
Page 79 and 80:
Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
Page 81 and 82:
80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 83 and 84:
82 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 85 and 86: 84 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 101 and 102: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 107 and 108: Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
Page 109 and 110: Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
Page 111 and 112: Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
Page 113 and 114: PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
Page 116 and 117: COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
Page 118 and 119: Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
Page 120 and 121: 7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153: Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
Page 156 and 157: CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
Page 158 and 159: 2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
Page 160 and 161: CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
Page 164 and 165: 18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
Page 168 and 169: Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
Page 170 and 171: General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 174 and 175: Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
Page 176 and 177: 25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 178 and 179: Fig. 16.2 Average percent cover of
Page 180 and 181: Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
Page 184 and 185: Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
Page 186 and 187:
Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 188 and 189:
GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
Page 190 and 191:
Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
Page 192 and 193:
Fig. 20.2 Average percent cover of
Page 194 and 195:
JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
Page 204 and 205:
Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
Page 206 and 207:
April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Map Contributor Location Time Perio
Page 212 and 213:
6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
from disease and bleaching. Disease
Page 218 and 219:
Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
Page 232 and 233:
US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
Page 238 and 239:
39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
Page 244:
Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
show all

Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?