Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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Map Code Contributor Time Period Year Count Coral Diadema antillarum Macroalgae Fishes 1 MACC* 1 2007-2008 2 X X 2 Brandt, Marilyn/ AGRRA* 2 2005 1 X X X 3 Bauer 1980 3 1979 1 X 4 Reef Check* 2003-2004 2 X Table 1.1 Collected data sources from Antigua & Barbuda, codes represent individual studies. Refer to Fig. 1.1 for locations; * denotes original data; full references found in published data sources. Fig. 1.2 Average percent cover of live corals (A) and macroalgae (B), density of Diadema antillarum (C), and biomass of parrotfishes and groupers (D) in Antigua & Barbuda. Dotted line represents the average of Caribbean data collected for this report (codes as in Table 1.1 and Figure 1.1). General Literature Bouchon C, Miller A, Bouchon-Navaro Y, Portillo P, Louis M (2004) Status of coral reefs in the French Caribbean islands and other islands of the eastern Antilles. In: Wilkinson C, editor. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004 Volume 2. Townsville, Queensland, Australia: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN). pp. 493-508. Bouchon C, Portillo P, Bouchon-Navaro Y, Louis M, Hoetjes P, et al. (2008) Status of coral reefs of the Lesser Antilles: the French West Indies, the Netherlands Antilles, Aguilla, Antigua, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago. In: Wilkinson C, editor. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2008. Townsville, Australia: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) and Reef and Rainforest Research Centre (RRRC). pp. 265-280. Bunce LL (1997) The role of socioeconomic factors in coral reef management: A qualitative case study of coral reef uses in Antigua, West Indies. Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. pp. 2097-2100. Multer HG, Weiss MP (1980) Carbonate studies in Antigua, West Indies. Society of America Abstracts with Programs 12: 74. Multer HG, Weiss MP, Nicholson DV (1986) Antigua; Reefs, Rocks & Highroads of History. No. 1. St. John's, Antigua: Leeward Islands Science Associates. Weiss MP (1989) Reefs of Antigua, West Indies: changes over 40 years. In: Larue DK, Draper G, editors. Transactions of the 12th Caribbean Geological Conference. St. Croix, USVI: Miami Geological Society. pp. 329-339. Weiss MP, Multer HG (1988) Map of modern reefs and sediments of Antigua, West Indies. DeKalb, Illinois: Department of Geology, Northern Illinois University. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 117
BAHAMAS Coauthors: Dan Brumbaugh, John Bruno, Mark Chiappone, Craig Dahlgren, Phil Dustan, Brooke Gintert, Alastair Harborne, Mark Hixon, Allison King, Lindy Knowles, Patricia Kramer, Philip Kramer, Judy Lang, Casuarina McKinney-Lambert, Peter Mumby, Ivan Nagelkerken, Eric Pante, Kathleen Sullivan Sealey, Chris Stallings, AGRRA, CARICOMP, Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation and Reef Check Geographic Information Coastal Length: 11,145 km Land Area: 13,370 km 2 Maritime Area: 622,273 km 2 Population: 304,107 Reef Area: 4,081 km 2 Number of hurricanes in the past 20 years: 13 Fig. 2.1 Map of Bahamas, codes represent studies listed in Table 2.1. Missing map code(s) due to unavailable coordinates. Table 2.1 Collected data sources from Bahamas, codes represent individual studies. Refer to Fig. 2.1 for locations; * denotes original data; full references found in published data sources. Map Code Contributor Location Time Period Year Count Coral Diadema antillarum Macroalgae 1 Bruno, John* Abaco 2010-2011 2 X X X 2 CARICOMP* 1 Fernandez Bay 3 AGRRA/ LOF* 2,3,4,5 6 Harborne, Alastair; Mumby, Peter* 6,7,8 Abaco; Andros; Cay Sal Bank; Inaguas; New Providence Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park (ECLSP) 1994-1998, 2001, 2003- 2006 1998-1999, 2008, 2011 2004, 2007 10 X X X Fishes 4 X X X 2 X X X 118 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
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FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
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or avoidance behavior by larvae and
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of disease and coral death. These a
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contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
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TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
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Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
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2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
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Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
Page 67 and 68: Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
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Page 71 and 72: 1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
Page 73 and 74: Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
Page 75 and 76: CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
Page 77 and 78: Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
Page 79 and 80: Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
Page 81 and 82: 80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 101 and 102: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 107 and 108: Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
Page 109 and 110: Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
Page 111 and 112: Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
Page 113 and 114: PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
Page 116 and 117: COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
Page 120 and 121: 7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153: Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
Page 154 and 155: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 156 and 157: CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
Page 158 and 159: 2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
Page 160 and 161: CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
Page 164 and 165: 18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
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Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
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General Literature Borger JL, Stein
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
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25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
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Fig. 16.2 Average percent cover of
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Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
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Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
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GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
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Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
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JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
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Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
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Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
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Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
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April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
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Map Contributor Location Time Perio
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6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
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from disease and bleaching. Disease
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Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
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Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
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TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
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US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
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Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
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39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
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Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
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Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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