Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003) Condition of coral reefs off less developed coastlines of Curaçao (Part 1: Stony corals and algae). In: Lang JC, editor. Status of coral reefs in the Western Atlantic: Results of Initial surveys, Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) Program Atoll Research Bulletin 496: 371-392. 9 Carpay MJE (1985) De rol van Diadema antillarum Philippi in de bio-erosieve rifprocessen op Curaçao. MSc Thesis. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. 67 p. 7 De Meyer K (1998) Bonaire, Netherland Antilles. In: Kjerfve B, editor. CARICOMP - Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove sites Coastal region and small island papers 3. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 141-150. 17 Debrot AO, Nagelkerken I (2006) Recovery of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum in Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) linked to lagoonal and wave sheltered shallow rocky habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 79: 415-424. 10 Geerlings RA (1981) Diadema antillarum, een noodzakelijke component van de riflevensgemeenschap? MSc Thesis. Amsterdam: Free University of Amsterdam. 87 p. 19 Liddell WD, Olhorst SL (1988) Comparison of western Atlantic coral reef communities. Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium. Australia: Utah State University. pp. 281-286. 20 Nagelkerken I, Vermonden K, Moraes OCC, Debrot AO, Nagelkerken WP (2005) Changes in coral reef communities and an associated reef fish species, Cephalopholis curentata (Lacépède), after 30 years on Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles). Hydrobiologia 549: 145-154. 6 Nugues MM, Bak RPM (2006) Differential competitive abilities between Caribbean coral species and a brown alga: a year of experiments and a long-term perspective. Marine Ecology Progress Series 315: 75-86. 10 van der Hal N (2005) Unpublished CARMABI Report. Willemstad, Curaçao: CARMABI Research Institute. 11 van der Hal N (2006) Unpublished CARMABI Report. Willemstad, Curaçao: CARMABI Research Institute. 12 van der Hal N (2009) Unpublished CARMABI Report. Willemstad, Curaçao: CARMABI Research Institute. 13 van Eys GJJM (1976) Diadema antillarum Philippi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): populatiesamenstelling, groei en invloed op het rif. MSc Thesis. Nijmegen: Catholic University. 95 p. 14 Vermonden K (2003) Long-term shifts in coral cover, coral diversity, reef complexity and population structure of the Grasy, Cephalopholis cruentatus, on coral reefs of Curaçao: a comparison between 1973 and 2003, and the relation with coral diseases. Thesis. Wageningen University. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 163
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Coauthors: Rodrigo Garza Pérez, Francisco X. Geraldes, Jake Kheel, Patricia Lancho, Yolande Leon, Rúben Torres, AGRRA, CARICOMP and Reef Check Geographic Information Coastal Length: 1,610 km Land Area: 48,257 km 2 Maritime Area: 255,029 km 2 Population: 9,248,710 Reef Area: 838 km 2 Number of hurricanes in the past 20 years: 3 Fig. 14.1 Map of Dominican Republic, codes represent studies listed in Table 14.1. Missing map code(s) due to unavailable coordinates. Table 14.1 Data sources from Dominican Republic. Map codes represent individual studies. For exact location of study, refer to Fig. 14.1; * denotes original data; for full references, refer to published literature sources in the last section. Map Code Contributor Time Period Year Count Coral Diadema antillarum Macroalgae 1994, 1996-1997, 1 Geraldes, Francisco/ 5 X X X CARICOMP* 1 2000-2001 2 Garza Pérez, Rodrigo* 2,3 2006 1 X X X 3 AGRRA* 4,5 2003-2004 2 X X X 4 Reef Check* 2004-2007 4 X Fish 164 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
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FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
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or avoidance behavior by larvae and
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of disease and coral death. These a
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contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
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TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
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Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
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2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
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Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
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Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
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is, for example, for degree heating
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1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
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Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
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CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
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Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
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Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
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80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
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Location Reference Data Contributor
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Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
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Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
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Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
Page 113 and 114: PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
Page 116 and 117: COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
Page 118 and 119: Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
Page 120 and 121: 7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153: Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
Page 156 and 157: CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
Page 158 and 159: 2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
Page 160 and 161: CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
Page 168 and 169: Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
Page 170 and 171: General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 174 and 175: Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
Page 176 and 177: 25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 180 and 181: Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
Page 184 and 185: Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
Page 188 and 189: GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
Page 190 and 191: Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
Page 194 and 195: JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
Page 198 and 199: Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
Page 202 and 203: Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
Page 204 and 205: Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
Page 206 and 207: April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
Page 210 and 211: Map Contributor Location Time Perio
Page 212 and 213: 6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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from disease and bleaching. Disease
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Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
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Fig. 28.2 Average percent cover of
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Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
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TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
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US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
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Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
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39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
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Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
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Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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