Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, Caicedo A (1983) Descripción de la formación arrecifal de Isla Grande (Islas del Rosario) con anotaciones ecológicas. Thesis. Bogotá: University Jorge Tadeo Lozano. 110 p. 2 Díaz JM, Garzón-Ferreira, Zea S (1992) Evaluación del estado actual del arrecife coralino de la Isla de San Andrés. Final Report Project. Santa Marta: INVEMAR/CORPES. 147 p. 10 Friedlander A, Nowlis JS, Sanchez JA, Appeldoorn R, Usseglio P, et al. (2003) Designing effective marine protected areas in Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, Colombia, Based on Biological and Sociological information. Conservation Biologoy 17: 1769 - 1784. 9 Garzón-Ferreira J (1998) Bahía de Chengue, Parque Natural Tayrona, Colombia. CARICOMP - Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove sites Coastal Region and Small Island Papers 3. Paris: UNESCO. 3 Garzón-Ferreira J, Kielman M (1994) Extensive mortality of the corals in the Colombian Caribbean during the last two decades. In: Ginsburg RN, editor. Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards, and History. Florida: University of Miami. pp. A15-A21. 4 Laverde-Castillo JJA, Araujo R, Vargas G, Patiño E (1987) Plan de monitoreo del Golfo de Morrosquillo. Primera parte: aspecto biológico. Final Report Project. . Bogóta: Association Cravo Norte, Ecopetrol. 125 p. 11 Liddell WD, Olhorst SL (1988) Comparison of western Atlantic coral reef communities. Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium. Australia: Utah State University. pp. 281-286. 5 Penereiro JL, Navas GR, Montoya RA, Cleves F, Moreno LT (1990) Cartografía ecológica de los fondos submarinos adyacentes al conjunto de islas Latifundio-Minifundio, Parque Nacional Natural Corales del Rosario, Caribe colombiano. Mem VII Semin Nal Cienc Tecnol Mar Bogotá 184-194. 6 Ramírez A, De La Pava ML (1981) corales hermatípicos de la Isla de Tierra Bomba, Cartagena (Colombia). Estimación de algunos factores de incidencia en la sucesión vertical con anotaciones ecológicas. Thesis. Bogotá University Jorge Tadeo Lozano. 138 p. 8 Ramírez A, Viña G (1991) Estructura de las formaciones coralinas de las Islas de San Bernardo (Mar Caribe, Colombia). Taller Arrecif. Coral. Colombia (Doc. Guía). Unpublished report. Bogotá: University Jorge Tadeo Lozano. 12 Rodríguez-Ramirez A, Reyes-Nivia MC, Zea S, Navas-Camacho R, Garzón-Ferreira J, et al. (2010) Recent dynamics and condition of coral reefs in the Colombian Caribbean. Revista De Biología Tropical 58: 101-131. 7 Sarmiento E, Flechas F, Alvis G (1989) Evaluación cuantitativa del estado actual de las especies coralinas del Parque Nacional Natural Corales del Rosario (PNNCR), Cartagena, Colombia. Thesis. Bogotá: University Jorge Tadeo Lozano. 144 p. STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 151
COSTA RICA Coauthors: Jorge Cortés, Ana C. Fonseca- Escalante, AGRRA and CARICOMP Geographic Information Coastal Length: 1,468 km (Caribbean coast length: 212 km) Land Area: 51,100 km 2 Maritime Area: 589,683 km 2 (Caribbean Marine Area: 2,310 km 2 ) Population: 4,123,520 Reef Area: ~20 km 2 (Caribbean reef area: ~10 km 2 ) Number of hurricanes in the past 20 years: 0 Fig. 10.1 Map of Costa Rica, codes represent studies listed in Table 10.1. Missing map code(s) due to unavailable coordinates. 152 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
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FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
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or avoidance behavior by larvae and
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of disease and coral death. These a
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contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
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TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
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Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
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2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
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Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
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Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
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is, for example, for degree heating
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1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
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Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
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CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
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Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
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Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
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80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
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Page 101 and 102: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 107 and 108: Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
Page 109 and 110: Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
Page 111 and 112: Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
Page 113 and 114: PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
Page 116 and 117: COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
Page 118 and 119: Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
Page 120 and 121: 7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 156 and 157: CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
Page 158 and 159: 2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
Page 160 and 161: CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
Page 164 and 165: 18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
Page 168 and 169: Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
Page 170 and 171: General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 174 and 175: Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
Page 176 and 177: 25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 180 and 181: Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
Page 184 and 185: Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
Page 188 and 189: GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
Page 190 and 191: Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
Page 194 and 195: JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
Page 198 and 199: Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
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Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
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Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
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April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
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Fig. 24.2 Average percent cover of
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Map Contributor Location Time Perio
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6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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from disease and bleaching. Disease
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Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
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Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
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TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
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US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
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Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
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39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
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Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
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Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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