Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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Map Code Contributor Location Time Period Year Count Coral Diadema antillarum Macroalgae All 1996-2011 16 X X X X X 1996 X 5 USEPA Coral Reef (FWC)* 9 Monitoring Project; Florida Fish & Wildlife Research Institute 6 Dustan, Phil* 10,11,12 UK, DT 1975, 3 X 1982-1983 7 Hardt, Marah; LK, DT 2005 1 X Paredes, Gustavo* 13 8 Jaap, Walter* 14,15,16,17 DT 1975-1976, 5 X 1989-1991 9 AGRRA* All 1999, 4 X X X 2003-2004, 2006 a Lirman & Fong 1997 18 UK 1993-1994, 3 X 1996 b Lukas, Karen* UK, DT 1975 1 X c Greenstein, Ben; UK 1994, 2 Pandolfi, John* 19,20 d Porter & Meier 1992 21 UK, SE Florida 1984-1986, 1988-1991 7 X e Porter et al. 1982 22 DT 1976-1977 2 X f Weil, Ernesto* UK, SE 1994 1 X X Florida g NOAA SWFSC* All 1980-2011 31 X h Kissling 1977 23 LK 1972-1973 2 X i Bauer 1980 24 UK 1977-1978 2 X j Forcucci 1994 25 UK, MK, LK 1991 1 X Fish Fig. 15.2 Average percent cover of live coral for 5 regions of the Florida reef track including Upper Keys (A), Middle Keys (B), Lower Keys (C), Southeast Florida (north of Biscayne Bay; D) and Dry Tortugas (E). Dotted line represents the average of Caribbean data collected for this report; solid lines are drawn through data presented. (Codes same as in Table 15.1 and Figure 15.1) STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 171
Fig. 15.3 Average percent cover of macroalgae for 4 regions of the Florida reef track including Upper Keys (A), Middle Keys (B), Lower Keys (C), Dry Tortugas (D). Dotted line represents the average of Caribbean data collected for this report; solid lines are drawn through data presented. (Codes same as in Table 15.1 and Figure 15.1) Fig. 15.4 Average density of Diadema antillarum for 5 regions of the Florida reef track including Upper Keys (A), Middle Keys (B), Lower Keys (C), Southeast Florida (north of Biscayne Bay; D) and Dry Tortugas (E). Dotted line represents the average of Caribbean data collected for this report; solid lines are drawn through data presented. (Codes same as in Table 1 and Figure 1) Fig. 15.5 Average biomass of parrotfishes and groupers for 2 regions of the Florida reef track including (A,C) Florida Keys domain wide; and (B,D) Dry Tortugas. Dotted line represents the average of Caribbean data collected for this report; solid lines are drawn through data presented. (Codes same as in Table 1 and Figure 1) 172 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
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FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
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or avoidance behavior by larvae and
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of disease and coral death. These a
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contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
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TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
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Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
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2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
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Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
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Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
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is, for example, for degree heating
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1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
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Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
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CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
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Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
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Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
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80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
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Location Reference Data Contributor
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Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
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Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
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Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
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PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
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COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
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Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
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7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153: Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
Page 156 and 157: CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
Page 158 and 159: 2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
Page 160 and 161: CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
Page 164 and 165: 18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
Page 166 and 167: Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
Page 168 and 169: Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
Page 170 and 171: General Literature Borger JL, Stein
Page 174 and 175: Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
Page 176 and 177: 25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
Page 180 and 181: Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
Page 184 and 185: Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
Page 188 and 189: GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
Page 190 and 191: Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
Page 194 and 195: JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
Page 198 and 199: Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
Page 202 and 203: Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
Page 204 and 205: Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
Page 206 and 207: April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
Page 210 and 211: Map Contributor Location Time Perio
Page 212 and 213: 6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
Page 216 and 217: from disease and bleaching. Disease
Page 218 and 219: Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
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Fig. 29.2 Average percent cover of
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Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
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TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
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US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
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Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
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39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
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Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
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Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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