Jackson2013-Status and Trendsof Caribbean Coral Reefs

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Location Reference Data Contributor Start Year End Year Data Type Curacao Van der Horst 1927 1927 1927 Relative abundance Curacao Van Duyl 1985 1980 1980 Relative abundance Curacao Bak, Rolf; Nugues, 1973 2009 Percent cover Maggy Curacao CARICOMP 1994 1995 Percent cover Curacao Nagelkerkan, Ivan 1973 2003 Percent cover Curacao Steneck, Bob 2009 2009 Percent cover Curacao Vermeij, Mark 2003 2010 Percent cover Curacao Weil, Ernesto (CRTR 2005 2011 Percent cover Program) Dominica Creary, Marcia 2007 2009 Percent cover Dominican Republic Geraldes and de Calventi 1964 1974 Descriptive text 1978 Dominican Republic CARICOMP 1994 2001 Percent cover Dry Tortugas Agassiz 1883 1881 1881 Percent cover Dry Tortugas Dahl et al. 1974 1976 1976 Descriptive text Dry Tortugas Davis 1982 1975 1975 Descriptive text Dry Tortugas Jaap et al. 1989 1975 1991 Relative abundance Dry Tortugas LeCompte 1937 1936 1936 Descriptive text Dry Tortugas Porter et al. 1982 1979 1979 Relative abundance Dry Tortugas Atkinson, Andrea 1999 2011 Percent cover Dry Tortugas Colella, Mike; 1975 1975 Percent cover Ruzicka, Rob Dry Tortugas Dustan, Phil 2005 2005 Percent cover Dry Tortugas Hardt, Marah; 1975 1976 Percent cover Paredes, Gustavo Dry Tortugas Jaap, Walter 1976 1977 Percent cover Florida Keys Agassiz 1880 1851 1851 Descriptive text Florida Keys Bright 1981 1979 1979 Descriptive text Florida Keys Burns 1985 1981 1981 Relative abundance Florida Keys Dustan 1985 1975 1975 Descriptive text Florida Keys Lirman & Fong 1997 1993 1994 Percent cover Florida Keys Shinn 1980 1979 1979 Descriptive text Florida Keys Shinn 1981 1979 1979 Descriptive text Florida Keys Wheaton 1981 1975 1975 Descriptive text Florida Keys Wheaton and Jaap 1988 1983 1983 Relative abundance Florida Keys Atkinson, Andrea 2004 2011 Percent cover Florida Keys CARICOMP 2001 2004 Percent cover Florida Keys Chiappone, Mark 1999 2005 Percent cover Florida Keys Colella, Mike; 1996 2011 Percent cover Ruzicka, Rob Florida Keys Dustan, Phil 1975 1983 Percent cover Florida Keys Hardt, Marah; 2005 2005 Percent cover Paredes, Gustavo Florida Keys Pandolfi, John 1994 1996 Percent cover Florida Keys Weil, Ernesto 1994 1994 Percent cover Flower Garden Banks Bright et al. 1984 1974 1974 Percent cover Flower Garden Banks NOAA 2006 2011 Percent cover Grenada Adey and Burke 1976 1974 1974 Descriptive text Grenada Goodwin et al. 1976 1975 1977 Relative abundance STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012 101
Location Reference Data Contributor Start Year End Year Data Type Grenada Creary, Marcia; 2007 2009 Percent cover Mitchell, Jerry Grenada Weil, Ernesto (CRTR 2005 2009 Percent cover Program) Guadaloupe Adey and Burke 1976 1974 1974 Descriptive text Guadaloupe Battistini and Petit 1979 1979 1979 Descriptive text Guadaloupe Bouchon, Claude 2002 2011 Percent cover Haiti Beebe 1928 1927 1927 Descriptive text Honduras Fenner, Douglas 1987 1987 Percent cover Jamaica Bonem and Stanley 1977 1976 1976 Descriptive text Jamaica Dahl et al. 1974 1971 1971 Descriptive text Jamaica Goreau 1959 1955 1955 Descriptive text; Presence/ absence Jamaica Goreau and Goreau 1973 1972 1972 Descriptive text Jamaica Knowlton et al. 1990 1982 1987 Percent cover Jamaica Liddell and Ohlhorst 1987 1977 1977 Percent cover Jamaica Liddell and Ohlhorst 1988 1980 1980 Percent cover Jamaica Rylaarsdam 1983 1976 1976 Relative abundance Jamaica Wapnick et al. 2004 1978 1979 Descriptive text Jamaica Williams and Polunin 2001 1997 1997 Percent cover Jamaica Woodley and Robinson 1973 1973 Descriptive text 1977 Jamaica Dustan, Phil 1972 1973 Percent cover Jamaica Gayle, Peter; 2011 2012 Percent cover Charpentier, Bernadette Jamaica Hardt, Marah 2005 2005 Percent cover Jamaica Hughes, Terry 1977 1993 Percent cover Jamaica Loya, Yossi 1969 1969 Percent cover Martinique Adey et al 1977a 1976 1976 Descriptive text Martinique Battistini 1978 1974 1974 Presence/ absence Martinique Bouchon, Claude 2001 2007 Percent cover Mexico Bonet 1967 1967 1967 Relative abundance Mexico Busby 1966 1959 1959 Descriptive text Mexico Chávez et al. 1970 1966 1969 Relative abundance Mexico Farrell et al. 1983 1982 1982 Presence/ absence Mexico Freeland 1971 1968 1968 Descriptive text Mexico Heilprin 1890 1890 1890 Descriptive text Mexico Horta-Puga 2003 1999 1999 Relative abundance; Presence/ absence Mexico Jordan and Martin 1987 1979 1979 Descriptive text Mexico Jordan et al. 1981 1980 1980 Relative abundance Mexico Kornicker and Boyd 1962 1960 1960 Descriptive text Mexico Kuhlmann 1975 1965 1965 Percent cover Mexico Liddell and Ohlhorst 1988 1985 1985 Percent cover Mexico Logan et al. 1969 1968 1968 Descriptive text Mexico Moore 1958 1955 1955 Descriptive text Mexico Murray 1991 1991 1991 Percent cover 102 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: 1969-2012
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Status and Trends of Caribbean Cora
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Phase shifts ......................
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Introduction This is the 9th status
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Acknowledgments, Co-sponsors, and S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jeremy Jackson
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STRATEGY AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT R
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The greatest overall changes in cor
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heating events are surprisingly fla
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PART I: OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS FOR
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A B C FIGURE 2. Decline in the comp
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Sampling units are defined as follo
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Table 2. List of coral reef locatio
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Country or Territory Location # of
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Compilation of the great majority o
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Two other major survey programs beg
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mean of 14.3 % (+2.0, -1.8). This l
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Changes in coral cover were similar
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FIGURE 13. Large-scale shifts from
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TABLE 5. Changes in coral and macro
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The disparate reef histories in Fig
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2b. ECOLOGICAL EXTINCTION OF FORMER
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Decline of Diadema antillarum Diade
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Table 7. Numbers of visitors and re
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Caribbean, where the mass mortality
Page 51 and 52: FIGURE 26. Percent coral cover in r
Page 53 and 54: or avoidance behavior by larvae and
Page 55 and 56: of disease and coral death. These a
Page 57 and 58: contrast, reefs on the Belize Centr
Page 59 and 60: TABLE 9. Average secchi disk depths
Page 61 and 62: Label Country Location DHW 1998 DHW
Page 63 and 64: 2010 are surprisingly flat (Fig. 33
Page 65 and 66: Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans t
Page 67 and 68: Bruno et al. 2009). However, our re
Page 69 and 70: is, for example, for degree heating
Page 71 and 72: 1. Ban all trap fishing, spearfishi
Page 73 and 74: Chollett I, Mumby PJ, Müller-Karge
Page 75 and 76: CH, Steneck RS, Tegner MJ, Warner R
Page 77 and 78: Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kuban
Page 79 and 80: Appendices Appendix I Field Field O
Page 81 and 82: 80 STATUS AND TRENDS OF CARIBBEAN C
Page 101: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 105 and 106: Location Reference Data Contributor
Page 107 and 108: Davis GE (1982) A century of natura
Page 109 and 110: Roos PJ (1964) The distribution of
Page 111 and 112: Steneck RS (1994) Is herbivore loss
Page 113 and 114: PART II: REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL COU
Page 116 and 117: COUNTRIES, STATES, AND TERRITORIES
Page 118 and 119: Map Code Contributor Time Period Ye
Page 120 and 121: 7 Nagelkerkan, Bimini 2006 1 X Ivan
Page 122 and 123: Cheung WWL, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y (
Page 124 and 125: BARBADOS Coauthors: Caroline Bissad
Page 126 and 127: 2003-present: Sporadic outbreaks of
Page 128 and 129: BELIZE Coauthors: Nadia Bood, John
Page 130 and 131: Fig. 4.3 Average percent cover of m
Page 132 and 133: 24 Dustan P, King A, Treml E, Allin
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 5.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 136 and 137: Fricke H, Meischner D (1985) Depth
Page 138 and 139: Map Code Contributor Location Time
Page 140 and 141: 10 Kramer PA, Bischof B.G. (2003) A
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 7.2 Average percent cover of l
Page 144 and 145: CAYMAN ISLANDS Coauthors: Timothy A
Page 146 and 147: Fig. 8.3 Diadema density and biomas
Page 148 and 149: COLOMBIA Coauthors: Alan Friedlande
Page 150 and 151: 1980s-1990: Macrolagal and coral di
Page 152 and 153:
Published Data Sources 1 Coral A, C
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Map Code Contributor Location Time
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CUBA Coauthors: Pedro M. Alcolado,
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2005: Hurricane Dennis (Category 4)
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CURAÇAO Coauthors: Rolf Bak, Dolfi
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Fig. 12.3 Average density of Diadem
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18 Bruckner AW, Bruckner RJ (2003)
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Fig. 14.2 Average percent cover of
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Geraldes FX, Vega M, Ramírez H, Ro
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General Literature Borger JL, Stein
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Timeline 1878: Black water event ki
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25 Forcucci D (1994) Population den
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Published Data Sources 1 Bright TJ,
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Chevaillier P (1990) Méthodes d’
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GUATEMALA Coauthors: Ana Giró, Mel
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Gutiérrez L (2007) Informe de avan
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JAMAICA Coauthors: Karl Aiken, Robe
Page 196 and 197:
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Munro JL, Williams DM (1985) Assess
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Timeline 11,000 CE: Human remains o
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Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Banaszak A
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April 2006: Multibeam mapping of is
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Map Contributor Location Time Perio
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6 Guzmán HM, Guevara CA (2001) Cor
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from disease and bleaching. Disease
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Timeline: 1987: Saba Marine Environ
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Lloyd G (2007) Review of the Policy
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TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Coauthors: B
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US VIRGIN ISLANDS Coauthors: Richar
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Beets J, Friedlander AM (1999) Eval
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39 Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish a
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Bastidas C, Cróquer A, Zubillaga A
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Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bastidas C,
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