Walker - 1967 - A geography of Italy

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Fig. 3S. Nortliem and central Lazio, geological. l - Mesozoic limestone hills and mountains. 2 -Eocene clays and sandstones. 3 -Pliocene sands, clays and marls. 4 - Volcanic deposits, mainly ash (fufo). 5 - Quaternary sediments and recent alluvium
PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY From Orvieto to within 30 km o f Rome the Tiber trench is bordered on one side by the volcanic plateau and on the other by the limestone whalebacks of the M ti Sabini. West o f the Tiber these limestones are locally responsible for the spur on which Orte stands and for the serrated dragon’s back o f M . Soratte which once marked the limit o f the Roman world. On either side o f the floodplain the Pliocene sediments outcropping on the lower slopes of the trench have been eroded into a hilly marginal zone, narrow in the west but up to 10 km wide in the east where the Pliocenes have been uplifted on the shoulders o f the Sabine hills. Tree crops and oakwood coppice clothe the hillsides and the villages, perched defensively, are experiencing the inconvenience o f their sites as more and more the economic life o f the area concentrates in the valley. The floodplain itself, never much more than a kilometre wide, was for long unhealthy and neglected but, particularly over the last half-century, it has been thoroughly colonized, mainly in the form oipoderi-, the control o f the Tiber for power recently has provided opportunities for sprinkler irrigation. T he ancient roads largely ignored the valley (the Via Cassia prefers the plateau) but the railway and more recently the Strada del Sole have established it as the main longitudinal routeway o f the peninsula. Orte is the jimction for the trans-Apennine line to T em i and Ancona. Orvieto, one o f many Etruscan foundations in the area, is strikingly sited on a tufo platform; its wine and its cathedral are equally renowned. The character o f the Maremma lowlands o f Lazio, interrupted by the Monti della Tolfa, have already received attention. Civitavecchia, sited on a rocky sector, and once the port o f the Papal States, is mainly notable for its packet connections with Olbia in Sardinia. The strong Etruscan associations o f the area are represented in Tarquinia and Cerveteri (Caere). Rome (Roma 2,320,000) occupies the centre o f an imdulating lowland which rolls north-westwards towards the rim o f Bracciano and climbs south-eastwards up the flanks o f the Alban hills; inland it is defined by the abrupt rise o f the limestone hills o f Tivoli (Mti Tiburtini) through which the Aniene cascades from its elevated upper basin; seawards it falls away into the flats of the Tiber delta. Dozens o f little streams, emanating from modest springs, have carved an intricate radial pattern into the flared skirts o f the two great volcanic complexes on either side so that in detail the sweep o f the Agro Romano often presents a confusion o f low hills; some o f these streams flow directly to the sea after forcing their way through the coastal dunes, but the majority And their way into the Aniene or the Tiber. The bluif-bordered Tiber floodplain narrows irregularly as it approaches Rome where the river has to force its way through the low hills on which the city grew up. Downstream, the floodplain, at first narrow, widens abruptly into the delta whose debris has been distributed laterally by wave action to present a flattened triangle edged with dunes and spits. Apart from the restricted alluvial deposits o f the delta, the Agro Romano is overwhelmingly composed o f roughly stratified tufo through which the imderlying Pliocene sediments are occasionally revealed in the lower valleys. The composition o f the tufi varies considerably but 174
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D. S. WALKER A Geography of Italy 4
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Contents P A R T I : S O M E G E O
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List of Plates — ^•anAJVkr|y0/a
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Maps and Diagrams 1 Spheres o f inf
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Acknowledgements The writer gratefu
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SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Geograph
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION the mos
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION tion, t
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION and mil
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY shipping bringing t
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY add their share to
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY not unlike serfdom
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY it is generally tru
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES Danubian
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES ‘hosts
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES develo
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES Amalfi
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES O f th
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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' M ' ' PART l ; SOME GEOGRAPHY AND
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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h í '‘A ''k - r - í ' í ’ -'
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PART II : SOME PH YSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART II : SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAPH
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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WWOiW W i 1 PART I I : SOME PH YSIC
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PART I i : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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V , ’•,.zJí-‘í*r'.‘‘'T
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THE MOUNTAIN ZONE. The chestnut hor
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PART II : SOM E P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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' . «S. PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL G
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R E G IO N A L G EO G RAPH Y The re
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II. The Northern Lowlands. III. Lig
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THE ALPS plained by the absence o f
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THE ALPS carries the main line from
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THE ALPS the frontier in the Lugano
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PART III : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY » i
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i*^ '••*t ' ' í S I PART I I I
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY nor
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PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY ,
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 3«
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« ■ t PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAP
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS namely pap
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS Apennines
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Page 141 and 142: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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Page 147 and 148: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
Page 149 and 150: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY c
Page 151 and 152: PART n i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY The
Page 153 and 154: Si ü V O *0 H I « TJ 13 „ a g
Page 155 and 156: PART ni: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H Y
Page 157 and 158: PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
Page 159 and 160: If 11 PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R
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Page 164 and 165: CENTRAL ITA LY Apennine foretrench
Page 166 and 167: CENTRAL ITA LY Terni lake, remnants
Page 168: CENTRAL ITA LY the interests o f gr
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Page 175 and 176: IV[d] Tuscany PART I I i : REG IO N
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Page 179 and 180: mm PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPH
Page 181 and 182: PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY m iWM
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Page 187 and 188: PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY they a
Page 189 and 190: iP A R IO L I: V ILLA BORGHESE . P-
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Page 230 and 231: SICILY 1 2 V B S'I 9 S S 2 bo O c 4
Page 232 and 233: SIC IL Y the economy o f the extens
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SARDINIA ‘huertas’ comparable w
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Caprera Gulf of Orosei C- Carboitar
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1 SARDINIA immediate hinterland o f
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I SARDINIA useful minerals produced
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P O PU LA TIO N TABLE 2 Defacto pop
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1 2 0 0 1100 1000 900
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EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL MIGRATION
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EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL M I GRATI
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AGRICULTURE over four-fifths of her
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AGRICULTURE {non-appoderata) common
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- : :*Év 1« - • J '- t ^ ^ ; -
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Il i a Intensive viticulture in the
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Td a tí o ’Eo . tH o • O tí ,
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X ia The Baize di Volterra (Pliocen
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- II xnia Gorge cut in the tufo of
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XV The medieval plan of Siena (A) a
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' I xvna Gully erosion in the Mioce
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xixa The rounded summits and pinewo
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; '■ 'i' I ' i iv;“® ' f o 'f'
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY < : I 1
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY irrigat
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T-^ V-*- III U. PART IV : ECONOMIC
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Fuels a
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PART IV ; ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY rubbe
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PART IV : ECON OM IC GEOGRAPHY pote
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esulted, naturally enough, in a mar
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PART IV : ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY : ■
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PART I V : ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY i. I
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY i m 3
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Sr-Sf-:
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY years
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY I': IN
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Europe
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TABLE 6 EMPLOYED LABOUR FORCE (iN T
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Percentage of provincial productive
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TABLE II ITALIAN MINERAL PRODUCTION
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I l Bibliography L. BARZINI: The It
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B IB LIO G R A PH Y E. MIGLIORINI :
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Index —^wx/to/tiVlyQ/^lRRRAA/^i
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Cremona, 135, 136 Crete senesi, 166
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Massa Marittima, 157 Masserie, 188,
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INDEX Maira, 995 — Meduna, 140;
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i 53j 165; Val di Sole, 64, 103, 10
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Walker - 1967 - A geography of Italy

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