Cremona, 135, 136 Crete senesi, 166 Crotone, 214 Crusades, 24, 25, 26, 28 Cuneo, lo i, 131 Dairying, 128, 133, 248 Dalmine, 138, 260 Daunia, 203 Deforestation, 45, 64, 8 4 ,14 8 ,15 6 ,18 2 , 184, 210, 216, 224 Depressions, 51-3; lee — , 51, 52 Dobbiaco, 117 Dolomites, 108-9 Dora Baltea, 74, 99, 100 Dora Riparia, 74, 99, 100 Dossi, 85 Drainage work; Fucino, 13, 41, 181; Lazio, 36, 41, 176, 179; Tuscany, 13, 35, 40, 41, 168; Valle Padana, 13, 41, I24>133 Earthquakes, 77 Elba, 6, 15, 47, 76, 166, 170 Electrical supply, 255-6 Emigration, 48, to r, 114 ,119 , 159,160, 163,18 3,18 7,202,20 7,214 ,221,2 28, 234-7 Emilia and Emilia-Romagna, 145-52 Enfiteusi, 205 Engineering; civil — , 262; electrical — , 260; mechanical — , 260 E N I , 194, 221, 251, 254 Ente Delta, 143, 146 Ente Sila, 213 Epidemics, 19, 34 E R A S , 221 Este, 144 E T F A S , 223, 227 Etruscans, 6, 164, 174, 195 Etna, 77, 217 Fen zones, 141-3, 146 Ferrandina, 210, 252 Ferrara, 145, 146, 147, 148 Ferretto, 66, 88, 121, 124, 127 Fiat, 129, 130, 250, 260, 261, 269 Finsider, 260 Fishing, 81, 141, 266 Flooding - see Hydrology Florence, 25, 31, 35, 43, 167, 255 Flumendosa scheme, 227 INDEX Fluvio-glacial deposits, 120, 121, 123, 134, 128, 132, 140 Flysch, 72, 195, 199, 209 Foggia, 204 Föhn, 55, 61, 66 Fondi, 86, 180 Fontanili, 42, 123, 132, 133, 140, 141 Fornovo, 147 Fossombroni (Cotmt), 40 Fragmentation (<strong>of</strong> property), 217, 242 Frone, 79, 156, 160, 172 Fréjus pass, lo i Friuli, 139, 140 Frontiers: Italo-Austrian, 1 14-15, fig. 26; Italo-French, 99; Italo-Swiss, 102, 103; Italo-Yugoslav, 114, 144- 145 Frosinone, 179 Fucecchio basin, 166 Fucino basin - see Lake Fucino Fuels, 252-5 Futa pass, 147, 167 Gaeta, 21, 25 Gallarate, 135, 261, 263 Gallura, 75, 82, 224 Garfagnana, 153 Gargano, 78, 202, 203 Garrigue, 68, 69 Gas, 147, 252 Gattinara, 130 Gauls, 6, 7, 9 Gela, 220, 221, 254 Gennargentu, 224 Genoa, 25, 26, 44, 47, 149, 260, 261 Glare, 226 Giglio, 166 Gioia, 214 Giovi pass, 43, 44, 148 Glass, 38 Glaciation: Alpine, 73, 100, 103, 105, III, 1 12, 120-6; Apennine, 73, 120, 181 Glaciers (existing), 100, 105, 109 Gorizia, 139, 143 Goths, 18, 20 Gran Paradiso, 99 Gran Sasso, 180, 181 Gravine, 79, 205 Greek settlement, 7, 9, 195 Grosseto, 171 Gubbio basin, 153, 162
yiiiíi Hercynian system, 70, 75, 211, 223 H<strong>of</strong>, 1 14 Hydro-electricity, 47, 102, 105, 113, 117, 163, 184, 205, 212, 227, 255 Hydrology, 41, 79, 88, 121-5, 132, 133, 134, 140, 141, 146, 197, 203, 227 Iglesiente, 70, 223 Inland waterways, 270 Iimocenti, 136, 261 Instability (surface), 3, 5, 8, 79, 156, 166, 210, 213, 216 Intermontane basins, 153, 154, 155, 157, 161, 180, 181, fig. 32 I R I , 194, 250, 251, 269 Iron ore, 102, 105, 170, 223 Irpinia, 78 Irrigation: Central <strong>Italy</strong>, 162, 174, 176, 182; South, 190, 196, 204, 214, 217, 219, 221, 227; Valle Padana, 42, 127, 129, 133, 134, 140, 146 Ischia, 76, 80, 198, 201 Ivrea, 130 Karst, 78-9, 112, 1 8 1 ,199, 205, 224 Labour, 240, 256-8, tables 6 and 12 Ladins, 115, 116, fig. 26 Laguna morta, 84; — viva, 84 Lake Albano, 176; — Averno, 765 — Bolsena, 76, 172; — Bracciano, 76, 172; — Como, 103; — de Vico, 76, 172; — Fucino, 13, 41, 181; — Garda, i i i ; — Iseo, 103j — Lesina, 203 j — Maggiore, 103; — Mátese, 199 j — Nem i, 76, 176; — Omodeo, 227; — Sabaudia, 179; — T rasimeno, 162 j — Varano, 203 Lame, 205 Lampedusa, 81 Lancia, 129, 130, 261 Land reform, 39,13 5 ,14 3 ,16 8 -70 ,18 2 , 188, 191-2, 204, 210, 213, 221, 227, 244 Langhe (le), 128, 129 Language minorities: Albanian, 215, French, 99 j German, 1 14-15, 119; Greek, 215; Ladin, 115, 116 LardareUo, 77, 166 L a Spezia, 148, 150, 260 Latifondo {latifundio), 37,168, 176, 210, 213, 2 i9 i — capitalistico, 188, 213, INDEX 292 244; — contadino, 189, 200, 201, 209 Latina, 180 Lazio (Latium), 8, 76, 171-80 Leather industries, 136, 265 Lecce, 206, 207 Lecco, 136 Leghorn, 25, 37, 167, 254, 260, 267 Legnano, 135 Lentini, 220 Leonessa basin, 161 Lidi, 84, 179 Lignite, 157, 163, 170, 224, 252 Liguria, 148-52 Limestone zones, 78-9, 180-1, 195, 198, 203, 204, 209, 224 Linosa, 81 Lipari islands, 77, 80 Lithosols, 87 Lodi, 135 Lombards, 20, 21 Lombardy, 33, 35, 102-7, 131-8 Lomellina, 127 Lovere, 106 Lucania - see Basilicata Lucca, 167 Lugodoro, 76 Lukmanier pass, 106 Macchia {maquis), 68, 69 Macerata, 159 Macigno, 149, 153, 156 Maddalena islands, 224 Maddalena pass (Col de Lärche), lo i Maestrale, 52, 224, 226 Magredi, 67, 140 Maize, 42, 244, fig. 48 Malaria, 20, 42, 168, 197, 227 Malghe, 112, 114, 117 Malta, 81 Mandello, 261 Manfredonia, 203, 264 Maniago, 144 Mantua, 138 M arble, 157, 170, 171 Marche (Le), 159-61 Marchesato, 213 Marcite, 42, 123, 133 Mare Grande, 208 ; — Piccolo, 208 Marenuna, 40, 167-95 Ente — , 168 Marsala, 220 Martesana canal, 134
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D. S. WALKER A Geography of Italy 4
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Contents P A R T I : S O M E G E O
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List of Plates — ^•anAJVkr|y0/a
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Maps and Diagrams 1 Spheres o f inf
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Acknowledgements The writer gratefu
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SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Geograph
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION the mos
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION tion, t
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION and mil
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY shipping bringing t
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY add their share to
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY not unlike serfdom
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY it is generally tru
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES Danubian
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES ‘hosts
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES develo
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES Amalfi
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES O f th
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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' M ' ' PART l ; SOME GEOGRAPHY AND
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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h í '‘A ''k - r - í ' í ’ -'
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART II : SOME PH YSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART II : SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAPH
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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WWOiW W i 1 PART I I : SOME PH YSIC
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PART I i : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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V , ’•,.zJí-‘í*r'.‘‘'T
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THE MOUNTAIN ZONE. The chestnut hor
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PART II : SOM E P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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' . «S. PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL G
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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R E G IO N A L G EO G RAPH Y The re
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II. The Northern Lowlands. III. Lig
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THE ALPS plained by the absence o f
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THE ALPS carries the main line from
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THE ALPS the frontier in the Lugano
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PART III : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY » i
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i*^ '••*t ' ' í S I PART I I I
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY nor
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PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY ,
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 3«
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« ■ t PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAP
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS namely pap
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS Apennines
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1 THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS they app
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8 THE EM ILIAN P L A IN . This form
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY over
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY con
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY c
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PART n i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY The
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Si ü V O *0 H I « TJ 13 „ a g
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PART ni: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H Y
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PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
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If 11 PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY *
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CENTRAL ITA LY Apennine foretrench
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CENTRAL ITA LY Terni lake, remnants
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CENTRAL ITA LY the interests o f gr
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY sou
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PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY i
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IV[d] Tuscany PART I I i : REG IO N
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY **v -
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mm PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPH
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PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY m iWM
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY b
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY F
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PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY they a
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iP A R IO L I: V ILLA BORGHESE . P-
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY s>9
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PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY e
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J '7- 1 PART I I I : REGION A L GEO
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY a
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY M any
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY "
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PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY m
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PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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i-ÍSs. . ■ í I f ' l PART I I I
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY m
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY C
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
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PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
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PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY featur
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PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY The S
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY S
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY if
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SICILY 1 2 V B S'I 9 S S 2 bo O c 4
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SIC IL Y the economy o f the extens
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SARDINIA ‘huertas’ comparable w
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Caprera Gulf of Orosei C- Carboitar
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1 SARDINIA immediate hinterland o f
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I SARDINIA useful minerals produced
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P O PU LA TIO N TABLE 2 Defacto pop
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1 2 0 0 1100 1000 900
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EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL MIGRATION
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EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL M I GRATI
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AGRICULTURE over four-fifths of her
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AGRICULTURE {non-appoderata) common
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Il i a Intensive viticulture in the
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Td a tí o ’Eo . tH o • O tí ,
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X ia The Baize di Volterra (Pliocen
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- II xnia Gorge cut in the tufo of
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XV The medieval plan of Siena (A) a
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' I xvna Gully erosion in the Mioce
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xixa The rounded summits and pinewo
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- Page 324 and 325: Index —^wx/to/tiVlyQ/^lRRRAA/^i
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