Walker - 1967 - A geography of Italy

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PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY they are generally permeable; many o f the lesser valleys are virtually dry but the poor drainage o f others contributed to the notorious unhealthiness o f the Campagna (strictly speaking the area south o f the Tiber) as, with the decline o f Rome, such matters were neglected. Before the Augustine rebuilding o f the city, Rome was largely constructed o f brick and tufo. Pozzolana, a volcanic ash laid down in or resorted by water, was used to make cement as it is today. The Alban volcano is a complicated structure in some respects recalling Vesuvius. The central cones (M. Cavo, M . Jano) are surrounded by a horseshoe depression part o f which is deeply pitted by the steep-sided craters occupied by lakes Albano and Nemi. An incomplete outer rim reaches 925m in M. Artemisio. For centuries travellers to Rome have been impressed by the contrast between the magnificence o f the city and the poverty o f its immediate environs. Even today the Agro Romano, increasingly encroached on for new suburbs and penetrated by new roads, still has a neglected, empty air. Wheat, its stubble grazed by sheep in winter, still dominates the land-use although there has been some expansion o f olive cultivation and o f sprinkler-irrigated fodder crops aimed at milk and meat production. W ith its peppering o f very large farms (casali), frequently well equipped with buildings and machinery, the landscape has much in common with the latifondi zones o f the South; indeed, the traditional patrician families o f Rome are still well entrenched here. The picture changes at the Tivoli hills where olives become dominant, and on the slopes of the Alban hills where vines are almost a monoculture; from Velletri through Genzano to Frascati is one huge vineyard, source o f the Castelh wines. The higher areas of the volcano, including M . Cavo and M . Artemisio, where the soils are thin, are left under chestnut woodland which is coppiced to provide vine supports. The springs o f the inner depression have long contributed to Rome’s water supplies. The deltaic coastlands widening southwards from Ladispoli, formerly malarial marsh and once the shame o f the capital, were reclaimed between the wars and have been organized in poderi. The Isola Sacra and the Bonifica Maccarese contain the only large irrigated area in Rome province. In general they support a mixed economy including milk and meat production based on irrigated fodder, but the ‘fossil’ dune zones are exploited for wine and dessert grapes. A state hunting reserve, heavily wooded with umbrella pines, occupies much of the southern part o f the delta. Ostia, Fregene and Ladispoli are summer bathing resorts o f the capital. Part o f the reclaimed delta has been sacrificed for the Rome (Fiumicino) airport which replaces Ciampino. Whatever the circumstances o f its foimdation, Rome grew up on the Tiber’s left bank on a group o f tufo bluffs known as the Seven Hills (the Quirinale, Viminale, Esquilino, Capitolino, Palatino, Celio and Aventino). They provided defensible sites near enough together to be enclosed later within the fourthcentury (b c ) Servian walls and they overlooked the river at a point where it could be most easily bridged. At a time when the extension o f the Etruscan 176
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D. S. WALKER A Geography of Italy 4
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Contents P A R T I : S O M E G E O
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List of Plates — ^•anAJVkr|y0/a
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Maps and Diagrams 1 Spheres o f inf
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Acknowledgements The writer gratefu
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SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Geograph
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION the mos
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION tion, t
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION and mil
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY shipping bringing t
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY add their share to
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY not unlike serfdom
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY it is generally tru
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES Danubian
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES ‘hosts
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES develo
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES Amalfi
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES O f th
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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' M ' ' PART l ; SOME GEOGRAPHY AND
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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h í '‘A ''k - r - í ' í ’ -'
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PART II : SOME PH YSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART II : SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAPH
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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WWOiW W i 1 PART I I : SOME PH YSIC
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PART I i : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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V , ’•,.zJí-‘í*r'.‘‘'T
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THE MOUNTAIN ZONE. The chestnut hor
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PART II : SOM E P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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' . «S. PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL G
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R E G IO N A L G EO G RAPH Y The re
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II. The Northern Lowlands. III. Lig
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THE ALPS plained by the absence o f
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THE ALPS carries the main line from
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THE ALPS the frontier in the Lugano
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PART III : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY » i
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i*^ '••*t ' ' í S I PART I I I
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY nor
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PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY ,
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 3«
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« ■ t PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAP
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS namely pap
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS Apennines
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1 THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS they app
Page 136: 8 THE EM ILIAN P L A IN . This form
Page 139 and 140: PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY over
Page 141 and 142: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
Page 143 and 144: PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY con
Page 145 and 146: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
Page 147 and 148: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
Page 149 and 150: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY c
Page 151 and 152: PART n i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY The
Page 153 and 154: Si ü V O *0 H I « TJ 13 „ a g
Page 155 and 156: PART ni: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H Y
Page 157 and 158: PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
Page 159 and 160: If 11 PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R
Page 161: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY *
Page 164 and 165: CENTRAL ITA LY Apennine foretrench
Page 166 and 167: CENTRAL ITA LY Terni lake, remnants
Page 168: CENTRAL ITA LY the interests o f gr
Page 171 and 172: PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY sou
Page 173 and 174: PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY i
Page 175 and 176: IV[d] Tuscany PART I I i : REG IO N
Page 177 and 178: PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY **v -
Page 179 and 180: mm PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPH
Page 181 and 182: PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY m iWM
Page 183 and 184: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY b
Page 185: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY F
Page 189 and 190: iP A R IO L I: V ILLA BORGHESE . P-
Page 191 and 192: PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY s>9
Page 193 and 194: PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
Page 195 and 196: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY e
Page 197 and 198: J '7- 1 PART I I I : REGION A L GEO
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Page 201 and 202: PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY M any
Page 203 and 204: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY "
Page 205 and 206: PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY m
Page 207 and 208: PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
Page 209 and 210: i-ÍSs. . ■ í I f ' l PART I I I
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Page 213 and 214: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY C
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Page 219 and 220: PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY featur
Page 223 and 224: PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY The S
Page 225 and 226: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY S
Page 227 and 228: PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY if
Page 230 and 231: SICILY 1 2 V B S'I 9 S S 2 bo O c 4
Page 232 and 233: SIC IL Y the economy o f the extens
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Caprera Gulf of Orosei C- Carboitar
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1 SARDINIA immediate hinterland o f
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I SARDINIA useful minerals produced
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P O PU LA TIO N TABLE 2 Defacto pop
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1 2 0 0 1100 1000 900
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EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL MIGRATION
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EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL M I GRATI
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AGRICULTURE over four-fifths of her
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AGRICULTURE {non-appoderata) common
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- : :*Év 1« - • J '- t ^ ^ ; -
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Il i a Intensive viticulture in the
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Td a tí o ’Eo . tH o • O tí ,
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X ia The Baize di Volterra (Pliocen
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- II xnia Gorge cut in the tufo of
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XV The medieval plan of Siena (A) a
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' I xvna Gully erosion in the Mioce
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xixa The rounded summits and pinewo
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; '■ 'i' I ' i iv;“® ' f o 'f'
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY < : I 1
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY irrigat
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T-^ V-*- III U. PART IV : ECONOMIC
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Fuels a
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PART IV ; ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY rubbe
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PART IV : ECON OM IC GEOGRAPHY pote
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esulted, naturally enough, in a mar
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PART IV : ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY : ■
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PART I V : ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY i. I
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY i m 3
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Sr-Sf-:
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY years
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY I': IN
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Europe
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TABLE 6 EMPLOYED LABOUR FORCE (iN T
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Percentage of provincial productive
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TABLE II ITALIAN MINERAL PRODUCTION
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I l Bibliography L. BARZINI: The It
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B IB LIO G R A PH Y E. MIGLIORINI :
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Index —^wx/to/tiVlyQ/^lRRRAA/^i
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Cremona, 135, 136 Crete senesi, 166
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Massa Marittima, 157 Masserie, 188,
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INDEX Maira, 995 — Meduna, 140;
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i 53j 165; Val di Sole, 64, 103, 10
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Walker - 1967 - A geography of Italy

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