Walker - 1967 - A geography of Italy

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economic planning than to the vehemence of local opinion) is used to support a petro-chemical plant at Pisticci. The two largest towns. Potenza (44,000) and Matera (38,000), are administrative and agricultural in function. Until it was rehoused by the Cassa a large part o f Matera’s population lived in cave dwellings cut in the edge o f a Cretaceous limestone platform - a fact which was often quoted as a measure of the backwardness of the Mezzogiorno. V[e] Calabria THE SOUTH The landscapes o f Calabria are as numerous and varied as those o f Apulia and Basilicata are few and monotonously repetitive. This diversity is most attractively displayed along the coastlands where the intimacy o f mountain and sea recalls the homeland o f the Greek settlers who first colonized the area in the eighth and seventh centuries bc. Thanks to the nature o f the relief, the variety o f climate is equally striking; on the sparsely populated Sila plateau, where Mediterranean Man was never really at home, the snow may lie for two or three months, while on the coast, particularly the Tyrrhenian coast, the mildness o f the winters and the almost complete absence o f severe frosts permit the growth o f the most sensitive Mediterranean crops. The northern barrier o f Calabria is provided by the last o f the Apennine limestone massifs which overlook the Crati lowlands from the S caloñe Pass to the Pollino group. With their wooded summits and their sterile karstic flanks they differ little from their more northerly counterparts, but the flourishing oasis along the Cascile valley above Castrovillari is indebted to their springs (pi. xixb). South of a line joining the Scalone Pass and the mouth o f the Crati the relief of Calabria is dominated by two crystalline Hercynian horsts linked by the low isthmus o f Catanzaro. Like the limestone massifs further north their summits emerged as islands from the Pliocene sea the sediments o f whose bed, subsequently uplifted with the rest o f the area, are exposed on the flanks o f the horsts. The whole area, continuing into north-east Sicily, is seismically unstable, especially in the fault zone occupied by the Straits o f Messina; the earthquakes of 1783 and 1908 were particularly destructive. The most northern o f the blocks is unequally divided by the tectonic trench o f the upper Crati. T o the west lies the Catena Costiera composed very largely o f mica-schists, impermeable below but frequently masked by a deep unstable layer o f weathered debris. The steep sides o f the range have been scored by a succession o f torrents (fiumare) whose violence is fed by a seasonal and disastrously erratic rainfall averaging over 1800 mm. Along the Tyrrhenian coast these torrents have built a chain o f small alluvial plains and detritus cones whose exuberant arboriculture, irrigated where possible, contrasts with the intervening expanses o f rock and macchia. The forests o f oak and chestnut, often in fine stands, which clothe the main ridge have a vital conservational rôle. On the seaward slope they give way to terraced olives at about 700m but on the opposite side they extend down as far as the dissected Tertiary hills which flank the Crati trench. 211
PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY The Sila plateau, rising to 1929m in Botte Donato, is composed of granite in the east and of mica-schists in the west and south-west. Its peneplaned surface presents an almost monotonous alternation of rounded summits and wide open y a I - Granites, gneisses and schists. 2 - Mainly Neogene clays and sands. 3 - Mesozoic limestones. 4 - Alluvium valleys whose floors, deeply lined with granitic sands, are often poorly drained. The highest part o f the plateau drains to the Neto, three o f whose tributaries (the Lese, Arvo and Ampollino) have been dammed to provide power; they have also added to the tourist attractions of the area. Although there are extensive 212
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D. S. WALKER A Geography of Italy 4
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Contents P A R T I : S O M E G E O
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List of Plates — ^•anAJVkr|y0/a
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Maps and Diagrams 1 Spheres o f inf
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Acknowledgements The writer gratefu
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SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Geograph
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION the mos
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION tion, t
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION and mil
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY shipping bringing t
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY add their share to
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY not unlike serfdom
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY it is generally tru
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES Danubian
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES ‘hosts
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES develo
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES Amalfi
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES O f th
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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' M ' ' PART l ; SOME GEOGRAPHY AND
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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h í '‘A ''k - r - í ' í ’ -'
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PART II : SOME PH YSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART II : SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAPH
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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WWOiW W i 1 PART I I : SOME PH YSIC
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PART I i : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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V , ’•,.zJí-‘í*r'.‘‘'T
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THE MOUNTAIN ZONE. The chestnut hor
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PART II : SOM E P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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' . «S. PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL G
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R E G IO N A L G EO G RAPH Y The re
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II. The Northern Lowlands. III. Lig
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THE ALPS plained by the absence o f
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THE ALPS carries the main line from
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THE ALPS the frontier in the Lugano
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PART III : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY » i
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i*^ '••*t ' ' í S I PART I I I
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY nor
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PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY ,
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 3«
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« ■ t PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAP
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS namely pap
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS Apennines
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1 THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS they app
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8 THE EM ILIAN P L A IN . This form
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY over
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY con
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY c
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PART n i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY The
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Si ü V O *0 H I « TJ 13 „ a g
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PART ni: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H Y
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PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
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If 11 PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY *
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CENTRAL ITA LY Apennine foretrench
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CENTRAL ITA LY Terni lake, remnants
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CENTRAL ITA LY the interests o f gr
Page 171 and 172: PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY sou
Page 173 and 174: PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY i
Page 175 and 176: IV[d] Tuscany PART I I i : REG IO N
Page 177 and 178: PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY **v -
Page 179 and 180: mm PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPH
Page 181 and 182: PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY m iWM
Page 183 and 184: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY b
Page 185 and 186: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY F
Page 187 and 188: PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY they a
Page 189 and 190: iP A R IO L I: V ILLA BORGHESE . P-
Page 191 and 192: PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY s>9
Page 193 and 194: PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
Page 195 and 196: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY e
Page 197 and 198: J '7- 1 PART I I I : REGION A L GEO
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Page 201 and 202: PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY M any
Page 203 and 204: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY "
Page 205 and 206: PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY m
Page 207 and 208: PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
Page 209 and 210: i-ÍSs. . ■ í I f ' l PART I I I
Page 211 and 212: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY m
Page 213 and 214: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY C
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Page 217 and 218: PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
Page 219 and 220: PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY featur
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Page 225 and 226: PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY S
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Page 230 and 231: SICILY 1 2 V B S'I 9 S S 2 bo O c 4
Page 232 and 233: SIC IL Y the economy o f the extens
Page 234 and 235: SARDINIA ‘huertas’ comparable w
Page 236 and 237: Caprera Gulf of Orosei C- Carboitar
Page 238 and 239: 1 SARDINIA immediate hinterland o f
Page 240: I SARDINIA useful minerals produced
Page 244 and 245: P O PU LA TIO N TABLE 2 Defacto pop
Page 246 and 247: 1 2 0 0 1100 1000 900
Page 248 and 249: EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL MIGRATION
Page 250 and 251: EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL M I GRATI
Page 252 and 253: AGRICULTURE over four-fifths of her
Page 254 and 255: AGRICULTURE {non-appoderata) common
Page 256 and 257: - : :*Év 1« - • J '- t ^ ^ ; -
Page 258: Il i a Intensive viticulture in the
Page 262: Td a tí o ’Eo . tH o • O tí ,
Page 266 and 267: X ia The Baize di Volterra (Pliocen
Page 268 and 269: - II xnia Gorge cut in the tufo of
Page 270 and 271: XV The medieval plan of Siena (A) a
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' I xvna Gully erosion in the Mioce
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xixa The rounded summits and pinewo
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; '■ 'i' I ' i iv;“® ' f o 'f'
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY < : I 1
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY irrigat
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T-^ V-*- III U. PART IV : ECONOMIC
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Fuels a
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PART IV ; ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY rubbe
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PART IV : ECON OM IC GEOGRAPHY pote
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esulted, naturally enough, in a mar
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PART IV : ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY : ■
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PART I V : ECONOM IC GEOGRAPHY i. I
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY i m 3
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PART IV: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Sr-Sf-:
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY years
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY I': IN
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PART iv : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Europe
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TABLE 6 EMPLOYED LABOUR FORCE (iN T
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Percentage of provincial productive
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TABLE II ITALIAN MINERAL PRODUCTION
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I l Bibliography L. BARZINI: The It
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B IB LIO G R A PH Y E. MIGLIORINI :
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Index —^wx/to/tiVlyQ/^lRRRAA/^i
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Cremona, 135, 136 Crete senesi, 166
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Massa Marittima, 157 Masserie, 188,
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INDEX Maira, 995 — Meduna, 140;
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i 53j 165; Val di Sole, 64, 103, 10
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Walker - 1967 - A geography of Italy

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