Massa Marittima, 157 Masserie, 188, 204, 210, 217 Matelica-Camerino basin, 159 Matera, 211 Medieval industry, 31, 32J — trade, 24- 32 Melito, 214 Mendola pass, 107 Merano, 107, 114 Mercantile marine, 271 Messina, 78, 222 Mestre, 144, 254 Metanopoli, 136, 254 Mezzadria, 33, 36, 133, 140, 146, 157, 160, 169, 227; — appoderato, 146, 157, 160, 163, 166, 172, 187, 201, 242 Mezzogiorno - see Southj — nudo, 188, 217 Migration (internai), 238-40 Müan, 15, 20, 21, 28, 31, 32, 33, 44, I35> 136, 137, 254, 261, 263 Minerais, 170, 221, 252, 256, table i i Modena, 145, 147, 261 M<strong>of</strong>fettes, 'Tj Molasse, 79, 123, 209 Molfetta, 208 Molise, 201-2 Moncenisio (M t Cenis), 25, 39, 43, 74, 99, 100, lOI Monfalcone, 145 Monferrato, 128, 129 Monginevro (M t Genèvre), 39, 99 Mongioie, 148 Montagnola senese, 165 M ont Ambin, 100; — Blanc, 74, 100; — Cenis - see Moncenisio ; — Genèvre - see Monginevro Monte Alburno, 166, 198, 199J — Amiata, 6, 76, 164, 166; — Argentarlo, 165, 170; — Baldo, 75, III; — B ia n co -see M ont Blanc; — Bulgheria, 199; — Calvi, 160; — Catria, 159; — Cervati, 199; — Cetona, 165; — Cimino, 171 ; — Cimone, 153, pi. X a; — Circeo, 179; — Conero, 161; dei Fiori, 160; — Fema, 159; — Ferru, 76, 226, pi. X X IV b ; — Grappa, 112; — Greco, 201; — MaieUa, 159, 180, 181, 200, 201; — Maruggio, 209; — Mátese, 198; — Morrone, 159, 180, 181, 201; — INDEX Nuovo, 76; — Penna, 159; — Pisano, 165, 166; — Pollino, 199, 2 11; — Rosa, 70, 74, 100; — Sciliaro, 109; — Sirente, 181; — Soratte, 174; — Tabum o, 198; — Terminillo, 181; — VeUno, 181; — Venere, 172; — Viso, 100; — Vulture, 77, 209, 210; — Vulturino, 199, 209 Montecatini, 136, 250, 255, 263 Montecristo, 76, 166 Montefiascone, 172 Monti Aurunci, 171, 179; — Ausonl, l y ij 179; — Berici, 75, 123, 139; — Cimini, 172; — della Laga, 159; — della Tolfa, 76, 171; — dell’ Uccellina, 165; — di Daunia, 202; — Frei, 220; — Euganei, 75, 123, 139; — Iblei, 77, 220; — Lattari, 198; — Lepini, 171, 179; — Lessini, 75, n o , 139; — Madonie, 216; — Nebrodi, 216; — Peloritani, 216; — Picentini, 198; — Reatini, 159; — Sabatini, 172; — Sabini, 171, 174, 181; — Sibellini, 159; — Simbruini, 171, 179, 181; — Tiburtini, 174; — Volsini, 171, 172 Monza, 135 Moraines, 73, 91, 120, 121, 125, 131, 139 Mortizze, 124 M otor vehicles, 130, 261 Mugello, 153 M urge (Le), 204; — Alte, 204, 205; — lower, 206; — Salentine, 206;— Tarentine, 206 M urgia dei Trulli, 205 Muslims, 21, 23, 25, 222 M uzza canal, 33, 134 Naples, 21, 25, 37, 200, 261 Nappes: Alpine — , 71, 99; Apennine — 5 72 ,153 , i54> 156 Narni, 162, 163 Naviglio Grande, 134; — di Brescia, 134; — di Bereguardo, 134 Norcia basin, 161 Normans, 18, 23, 27 Novara, 130, 131 N ovi Ligure, 130 Nuoro, 226 Nuraghi, 226 Nurra (La), 223
INDEX ■ fsm i II I Oil production 147, 221, 254 Oil refining, 136, 144, 145, 147, 150, 167, 200, 208, 221, 254 Olbia, 226 Olives, 67, 68, 69, 207, 247 Olivetti, 129, 250 Orbetello, 86 Oristano, 227 Orte, 174 Ortles group, 105, 107 Orvieto, 163, 174 Ostia, 17, 176 Padane foretrench, 120 Pademo suU’ Adda, 123 Padua, 20, 143, 144 Palermo, 23, 222 Pantelleria, 6, 77, 81 Paper, 161, 180, 265 Parma, 145, 147 Pavia, 20, 135, 138 Peaches, 146, 147, 248 Pegli, 150 Pellagra, 42, 141 Perugia, 163 Pescara, 161 Phlegraean Fields (Campi Flegrei), 76, 198 Phoenicians, 6 Phylloxera, 206, 207 Piacenza, 136, 147 Pianura alta, 123, 128; — bassa, 124, 128, 132 Piedmont, 35, 97-102, 125-31 Pietre (rocce) verdi, 71, 88, 99, lo i, 148, 156 Pinerolo, 131, 261 Piombino, 170, 259 Pipelines, 117, 150, 255, fig. 50 Pisa, 25, 167 Pisticci, 211 Pistoia, 167 Plöcken pass, 117 Po delta, 84, 85, 143, 146 Podere, 141, 146, 163, 168, 192, 228 Poirino plain, 127 Polesine, 42, 83, 141 Poles <strong>of</strong> development, 194 Pollenta, 141 Pontebba, 117 Pontedera, 170, 261 Pontine marshes - see Agro Pontino Ponza, 76, 80 Population: Roman — , 4, Barbarian — , 19; — 19th century’ 48; — <strong>of</strong> South, 186-7; — in general 233-40; — pressure, 47, lo i, 119, 146, 18 3,18 9 ,19 7, 202, 214, 233-9 Porphyry plateau, 75, 108 Porretta pass, 153 Porto Empedocle, 221 Porto Marghera, 144 Porto Torres, 223, 22g Positano, 201 Potash, 221 Potenza, 210, 2 11 Pozzolana, 176 Pozzuoli (Puteoli), 17, 195 Prato, 167 Pratomagno, 165 Pre-Alps, 99, 103; Bergamasque — , 103, 104; Friulian — , 117; Venetian — , 1 10-12 Procida, 76, 198 Quote, 168, 228, table 7 Ragusa, 221, 254 Railways, 43, 267, fig. 15 RainfaU, 55, figs. 10 and 12 Ravenna, 20, 25, 147, 148 Reclamation - see drainage works Reggio Calabria, 214, 215 Reggio Emilia, 261 Regimes (river), 86, 87, 216 Regosols, 87 Rendzina, 89 Resia pass, 108 Rho, 136 Rice, 35, 42, 127, 146 Rieti, 153, 180, 181, 182 River Adda, 103, 105, 107; — Adige, 19, 86, 107, 1 13; — Agri, 209, 210; — Alcantara, 216; — Aniene, 87, 174; — Am o, 154, 15s; — Astico, 79; — Aterno, 181; — Basento, 210; — Bradano, 210; — Brenta, 24, 84, 107; — Cadore, 199; — Cascile, 2 1 1 ; — Cecina, 166; — Cellina, 140; — Chisone, 74; — Cismon, 79, n o ; — Coghinas, 227; — Crati, 7 4 ,2 11,2 13 ; — Flumendosa, 227; — Fortore, 201; — Gailitz, 1 17; — Garigliano, 197; — Isonzo, 84; — Magra, 149; — 294
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D. S. WALKER A Geography of Italy 4
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Contents P A R T I : S O M E G E O
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List of Plates — ^•anAJVkr|y0/a
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Maps and Diagrams 1 Spheres o f inf
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Acknowledgements The writer gratefu
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SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Geograph
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION the mos
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION tion, t
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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION and mil
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY shipping bringing t
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY add their share to
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY not unlike serfdom
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ROMAN GEOGRAPHY it is generally tru
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES Danubian
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ITALY DURING THE DARK AGES ‘hosts
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES develo
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES Amalfi
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ITALY DURING THE MIDDLE AGES O f th
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART i: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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' M ' ' PART l ; SOME GEOGRAPHY AND
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART l: SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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h í '‘A ''k - r - í ' í ’ -'
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PART i : SOME GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
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PART II : SOME PH YSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART II : SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAPH
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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WWOiW W i 1 PART I I : SOME PH YSIC
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PART I i : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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V , ’•,.zJí-‘í*r'.‘‘'T
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THE MOUNTAIN ZONE. The chestnut hor
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PART II : SOM E P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I : SOME P H YSIC A L GEOGRA
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I ; SOME PH YSIC A L GEOGRAP
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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' . «S. PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL G
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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PART I I : SOME PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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R E G IO N A L G EO G RAPH Y The re
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II. The Northern Lowlands. III. Lig
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THE ALPS plained by the absence o f
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THE ALPS carries the main line from
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THE ALPS the frontier in the Lugano
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PART III : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY » i
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i*^ '••*t ' ' í S I PART I I I
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY nor
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PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY ,
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 3«
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« ■ t PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAP
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS namely pap
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THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS Apennines
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1 THE N ORTH ERN LOW LANDS they app
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8 THE EM ILIAN P L A IN . This form
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY over
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY con
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY c
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PART n i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY The
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Si ü V O *0 H I « TJ 13 „ a g
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PART ni: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H Y
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PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
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If 11 PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY *
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CENTRAL ITA LY Apennine foretrench
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CENTRAL ITA LY Terni lake, remnants
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CENTRAL ITA LY the interests o f gr
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY sou
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PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY i
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IV[d] Tuscany PART I I i : REG IO N
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY **v -
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mm PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPH
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PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY m iWM
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY b
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY F
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PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY they a
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iP A R IO L I: V ILLA BORGHESE . P-
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY s>9
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PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY e
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J '7- 1 PART I I I : REGION A L GEO
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY a
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY M any
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY "
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PART I I I ; REGION A L GEOGRAPHY m
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PART I I i : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY s
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i-ÍSs. . ■ í I f ' l PART I I I
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY m
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY C
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY t
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PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
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PART III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY featur
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PART III: REGIONAL G E O G R A P H
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PART i n : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY The S
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PART I I I : REGION A L GEOGRAPHY S
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PART I I I : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY if
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SICILY 1 2 V B S'I 9 S S 2 bo O c 4
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SIC IL Y the economy o f the extens
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SARDINIA ‘huertas’ comparable w
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Caprera Gulf of Orosei C- Carboitar
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1 SARDINIA immediate hinterland o f
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I SARDINIA useful minerals produced
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P O PU LA TIO N TABLE 2 Defacto pop
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1 2 0 0 1100 1000 900
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EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL MIGRATION
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EMIGRATION A N D INTERNAL M I GRATI
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AGRICULTURE over four-fifths of her
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AGRICULTURE {non-appoderata) common
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Il i a Intensive viticulture in the
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Td a tí o ’Eo . tH o • O tí ,
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X ia The Baize di Volterra (Pliocen
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- II xnia Gorge cut in the tufo of
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XV The medieval plan of Siena (A) a
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' I xvna Gully erosion in the Mioce
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xixa The rounded summits and pinewo
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- Page 324 and 325: Index —^wx/to/tiVlyQ/^lRRRAA/^i
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