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Chapter 8: The Culture of Stones 291<br />

labyrinth which was built to house a monster, we naturally wonder just what is<br />

going on here? We also note that the victims of King Minos of Crete were<br />

“Athenians”, and we remember what Plato said about the war between Atlantis<br />

and “Athens”, even if we don’t put any stock in it actually being the Athens we<br />

know today.<br />

According to the myth, the labyrinth was built for one reason only: to hide the<br />

Minotaur, which was a source of horror and shame to Minos, whose wife had<br />

given birth to the monster after mating with a bull. This really doesn’t follow logic<br />

since the victims were rounded up in public, and everyone apparently knew about<br />

the Minotaur.<br />

In South Africa, a popular Zulu game is played where a maze is drawn on the<br />

ground, and the players take turns “finding the way to the king’s hut” which is at<br />

the center. The game is played with toys carved in the shape of bulls. It seems that,<br />

thousands of miles from Crete, the same elements of the legend are played out<br />

from time immemorial: kingship, bulls, and conflict at the center of a labyrinth.<br />

Excavations at Knossos have indeed uncovered evidence of a bull cult practiced<br />

in a maze like “palace” of hundreds of chambers and corridors. There were<br />

innumerable images of bulls in bas-reliefs, small sculptures, bull-shaped vessels,<br />

seals and imprints of seals, as well as stylized bulls’ horns. All of these things<br />

linking the dynasty of Minos with bulls suggested that the vitality of the Minoan<br />

kings, like that of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, was identified with the bull-god.<br />

What is more, ancient Greek writers came right out and said that the labyrinth of<br />

Minos was modeled on an original in northern Egypt. Very little survives of this<br />

Egyptian marvel except for a few brick courses. What Herodotus had to say about<br />

it is rather fascinating:<br />

Being set free after the reign of the priest of Hephaistos, the Egyptians, since they<br />

could not live any time without a king, set up over them twelve kings, having<br />

divided all Egypt into twelve parts. These made intermarriages with one another<br />

and reigned, making agreement that they would not put down one another by force,<br />

nor seek to get an advantage over one another, but would live in perfect friendship:<br />

and the reason why they made these agreements, guarding them very strongly from<br />

violation, was this, namely that an oracle had been given to them at first when they<br />

began to exercise their rule, that he of them who should pour a libation with a<br />

bronze cup in the temple of Hephaistos, should be king of all Egypt (for they used<br />

to assemble together in all the temples).<br />

Moreover they resolved to join all together and leave a memorial of themselves;<br />

and having so resolved they caused to be made a labyrinth situated a little above the<br />

lake of Moeris and nearly opposite to that which is called the City of Crocodiles.<br />

This I saw myself, and I found it greater than words can say. For if one should put<br />

together and reckon up all the buildings and all the great works produced by the<br />

Hellenes, they would prove to be inferior in labour and expense to this labyrinth,<br />

though it is true that both the temple at Ephesos and that at Samos are works<br />

worthy of note.<br />

The pyramids also were greater than words can say, and each one of them is equal<br />

to many works of the Hellenes, great as they may be; but the labyrinth surpasses<br />

even the pyramids. It has twelve courts covered in, with gates facing one another,<br />

six upon the North side and six upon the South, joining on one to another, and the<br />

same wall surrounds them all outside; and there are in it two kinds of chambers, the

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