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Chapter 11: Time 499<br />

many social historians. In exercising their superiority over native proto-Asian<br />

populations, the Aryans would have appointed themselves to higher rank castes.<br />

[…]<br />

Interestingly, an analysis of the genetic variations in the markers associated with<br />

the maternally inherited mtDNA and paternally inherited Y-chromosome show<br />

strikingly different trends. Maternally inherited DNA was overall found to be more<br />

similar to Asians than to Europeans, though the similarity to Europeans increases as<br />

we go up the caste ladder. Paternally inherited DNA, on the other hand, was overall<br />

more similar to Europeans than to Asians but, unlike in the case of maternal<br />

inheritance, with no significant variation in affinity across the castes. This is<br />

intriguing, but there is a plausible explanation. Migrating Eurasian populations are<br />

likely to have been mostly males who integrated into the upper castes and took<br />

native women. Inter-caste marriage practices, while generally taboo, are<br />

occasionally allowed, in which women can marry into an upper caste and move up<br />

in the social hierarchy. However, such upward mobility is not permissible for men.<br />

The caste labels of men are thus permanent, while women, by means of their<br />

limited mobility, cause a gene flow across caste barriers. This is the reason,<br />

according to the researchers, for the differing affinities of gender-specific genes<br />

among castes to continental populations. 361<br />

One of the major Indo-Aryan gods was known as Indra, Lord of the Mountains,<br />

“he who overthrows cities”. Upon obtaining the promise of supremacy if he<br />

succeeded in killing Danu and Her son Vrtra, he does accomplish the act, thus<br />

achieving kingship among the A-Dityas. This reminds us of the early Sumerian<br />

text reported above:<br />

The was founded by Enmebaragesi, a contemporary of Gilgamesh. The name<br />

breaks down as follows: enetik - eme - ebakin - aragikor - ageriko - ezi which can<br />

be transliterated to, “rom that time on - female - harvest - lustful - notorious - to<br />

domesticate” or “From that time on the lustful, notorious harvest female was<br />

domesticated”.<br />

This “name” tells us in no uncertain terms that the time of the Goddess was on the<br />

decline, because male domination had arrived with the Sumerians.<br />

In a hymn to Indra in the Rg Veda which describes the event, Danu and Her son<br />

are first described as serpent demons; later, as they lie dead, they are symbolized<br />

as cow and calf. After the murders, “the cosmic waters flowed and were<br />

pregnant”. They in turn gave birth to the sun. This concept of the sun god<br />

emerging from the primeval waters appears in other Indo-Sumerian-Incan myths<br />

and also occurs in connection with two of the prehistoric invasions. We suggest<br />

that all of this connects such events to times of cataclysm wherein the sun is<br />

“darkened” or concealed by dust and clouds.<br />

361 Ramachandran, R., The Genetics of Caste, Frontline, Volume 18 - Issue 12, Jun. 09 - 22, 2001;<br />

India’s National Magazine, from the publishers of THE HINDU.

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