absent INDEX OF GREEK WORDS 569 jutp?;?, v7ro7ro\\(m\a(Ti(TTifx6p<strong>to</strong>s, &C. 101-3. Xelp, tnanus, in sense <strong>of</strong> number <strong>of</strong> men 27. {'TroTdveiv, subtend 193 m. Xeip<strong>of</strong>iaXXidTpa ii. 309. vo-nXrjtj, starting-point (<strong>of</strong> racecourse) xpoid, colour or skin : Pythagorean 114. name for surface 166, 293. Xpovoypacpiai, work <strong>by</strong> Era<strong>to</strong>sthenes ii. 109. 4>ao-ft? dnXavcov daTep(oi', work <strong>by</strong> Xpay/jia, colour (in relation <strong>to</strong> surface) P<strong>to</strong>lemy, ii. 293. (jjia\tTr)s (dpiBfios), (number) <strong>of</strong> bowls 293. Xpiov, area 300 h. : ^<strong>to</strong>piou imoToprj, fin simple algebraical problems) sectio spatii, <strong>by</strong> Apollonius ii. U, ii. 442. 179. (piXoKaXtn, <strong>by</strong> Geminus ii. 223. tyr)j)a(popia kcit 'ivhovs ii. 546. XciXkovs (Jth <strong>of</strong> obol), sign for, 31 : 'Qkv<strong>to</strong>kiov <strong>of</strong> Apollonius 234, ii. 194. ii. 253. ENGLISH INDEX [The pages are those <strong>of</strong> the first volume except where otherwise stated.] Abacus 46-8. 'Abdelmelik al-Shirazi ii. 128. Abraham Echellensis ii. 127. Abu Bekr Muh. b. al-Hasan al- Karkhi, see al-Karkhl. Abu '1 Fath al-Isfahanl ii. 127. Abii '1 Wafa al-Buzjani ii. 328, ii. 450, ii. 453. Abu Nasi- Mansiir ii. 262. Achilles <strong>of</strong> Zeno 275-6, 278-80. Adam, James, 305-7, 313. Addition in <strong>Greek</strong> notation 52. Adrastus ii. 241, 243, 244. Aetius 158-9, 163, ii. 2. 'Aganis': attempt <strong>to</strong> prove parallel-postulate 358, ii. 228-30. Agatharchus 174. Ahmes (Papyrus Rhind) 125, 130, ii. 441. Akhmim, Papyrus <strong>of</strong>, ii. 543-5. Albertus Pius ii. 26. Al-ChazinT ii. 260-1. Alexander the 'Ae<strong>to</strong>lian 1 ii. 242. Alexander Aphrodisiensis 184, 185, 186, 222, 223, ii. 223, ii. 231. Alexeieff, ii. 324-5 n. Al-Fakhri, <strong>by</strong> al-Karkhi 109, ii. 449-50. Algebra : beginnings in Egypt ii. 440 : /mw-calculations ii. 440-1 : Pythagorean, 91-7 : epanthema <strong>of</strong> Thymaridas 94-6. Algebra, geometrical, 150-4: application <strong>of</strong> areas (q. v.) 150-3: scope <strong>of</strong> geometrical algebra 153-4 : method <strong>of</strong> proportion ib. Al-Hajjaj, transla<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Euclid, 362 : <strong>of</strong> P<strong>to</strong>lemy ii. 274. Alhazen, problem <strong>of</strong>, ii. 294. Al-Kafl <strong>of</strong> al-Karkhi 111. Al-Karkh! : on sum <strong>of</strong> V + 2* + ... + n* 109-10, 111, ii. 51, ii. 449. Allman, G. J. 134, 183. Almagest ii. 274. Alphabet, <strong>Greek</strong> : derived <strong>from</strong> Phoenician, 31-2 : Milesian, 33-4: #M«s*'-numerical use <strong>of</strong> alphabet, 35-6 n. Alphabetic numerals 31-40, 42-4. Amasis 4, 129. Amenemhat I 122, 111 122. Ameristus 140, 141, 171. Amyclas (better Amyntas) 320-1. Amyntas 320-1. Analemma <strong>of</strong> P<strong>to</strong>lemy ii. 286-92: <strong>of</strong> Diodorus ii. 287. Analysis : already used <strong>by</strong> Pythagoreans 168 : supposed invention <strong>by</strong> Pla<strong>to</strong> 291-2 : <strong>from</strong> Euclid's Elements 371-2 : defined <strong>by</strong> Pappus ii. 400. Ana<strong>to</strong>lius 11, 14, 97, ii. 448, ii. 545-6. Anaxagoras : explanation <strong>of</strong> eclipses 7, 162, 172 : moon borrows light <strong>from</strong> sun 138, 172, ii. 244 : centrifugal force and centripetaltendency 172-3 : geometry 170 : tried <strong>to</strong> square circle 173, 220 : on perspective 174 : in Erastae 22, 174. Anaximander 67, 177 : introduced gnomon 78, 139, 140: astronomy 139, ii. 244 : distances <strong>of</strong> sun and moon 139 : first map <strong>of</strong> inhabited earth ib. Anaximenes ii. 244. Anchor-ring, see Tore. Anderson, Alex., ii. 190. Angelo Poliziano ii. 26. Angle ' <strong>of</strong> a segment ' and ' <strong>of</strong> a semicircle' 179: 'angle <strong>of</strong> contact 178-9, ' ii. 202. Anharmonic property, <strong>of</strong> arcs <strong>of</strong> great circles ii.269-70: <strong>of</strong> straight lines ii. 270, ii. 420-1.
approximations = ENGLISH INDEX 571 572 ENGLISH INDEX Anthemius <strong>of</strong> Tralles 243, ii. 194, ii. 200-3, ii. 518, ii. 540, ii. 541-3. Antiphon 184, 219, 221-2. 224, 271. A pastamba-Sulba-Sutra 145-6. Apelt, E. F. 330. Apelt, 0. 181 n., 182. Apices 47. Apollodorus, author <strong>of</strong> Chronica, 176. Apollodorus 6 Xoy<strong>to</strong>-ruo? : distich <strong>of</strong>, 131.133, 134, 144, 145. Apollonius <strong>of</strong> Perga ii. 1, ii. 126. Arithmetic : axvroKiov 234, ii. 194, ii. 253 (approximation <strong>to</strong> 77, ib.), 'tetrads' 40, continued multiplications 54-7. Astronomy ii. 195-6: A. and Tycho Brahe 317, ii. 196: on epicycles and eccentrics ii. 195 6, ii. 243 : trigonometry ii. 253. Conies ii. 126-75: text ii. 126- 8, Arabic translations ii. 127, prefaces ii. 128-32, characteristics ii. 132-3: conies obtained <strong>from</strong> oblique cone ii. 134-8, prime property equivalent <strong>to</strong> Cartesian equation (oblique axes) ii. 139, new names, parabola, &c. 150, 167, ii. 138, transformation <strong>of</strong> coordinates ii. 141-7, tangents ii. 140-1, asymp<strong>to</strong>tes ii. 148-9, rectangles under segments <strong>of</strong> intersecting chords ii. 152-3, harmonic properties ii. 154-5, focal properties (central conies) ii. 156— and minima 7, normals as maxima ii. 159-67, construction <strong>of</strong> normals ii. 166-7, number <strong>of</strong> normals through point ii. 163-4, propositions giving evolute ii. 164-5. On contacts ii. 181-5 (lemmas <strong>to</strong>, ii. 416-17), three-circle problem ii. 182-5. Sectio rationis ii. 175 9 (lemmas <strong>to</strong>, ii. 404-5). Sectio spatii ii. 179-80, ii. 337. ii. 339. Determinate section ii. 180-1 (lemmas <strong>to</strong>, ii. 405-12). Comparison <strong>of</strong> dodecahedron and icosahedron 419-20, ii. 192. Duplication <strong>of</strong> cube 262-3, ii. 194. 'General treatise 1 ii. 192-3, ii. 253 : on Book I <strong>of</strong> Euclid 358. vcvaeis ii. 68, ii. 189-92 (lemmas <strong>to</strong>, ii. 412 16), rhombus-problem ii. 190-2, square - problem ii. 412-13. Plane Lociii. 185-9 (lemmas <strong>to</strong>, ii. 417-19). On cochlias 232, ii. 193, sister ' <strong>of</strong> cochloid' 225, 231-2, On irrationals ii. 193, On the burningmirror ii. 194, ii. 200-1. Application <strong>of</strong> areas 150-3 : method attributed <strong>to</strong> Pythagoras 150. equivalent <strong>to</strong> solution <strong>of</strong> general quadratic 150-2, 394-6. Approximations <strong>to</strong> \/2 (<strong>by</strong> means <strong>of</strong> side- and diameter ' ' -' numbers) 91-3, (Indian) 146 : <strong>to</strong> ^/3 ' (P<strong>to</strong>lemy) 45, 62-3, (Archimedes) ii. 51-2: <strong>to</strong> n 232-5, ii. 194, ii. 253 : <strong>to</strong> surds (Heron) ii. 323-6, cf. ii. 547-9, ii. 553-4 : <strong>to</strong> cube root (Heron) ii. 341-2. Apuleius <strong>of</strong> Madaura 97, 99. Archibald, R. C. 425 n. Archimedes 3, 52, 54, 180, 199, 202, 203 w., 213, 217, 224-5, 229, 234, 272, ii. 1. Traditions ii. 16-17, engines ii. 17, mechanics ii. 18, general estimate ii. 19-20. Works : character <strong>of</strong>, ii. 20-2, works extant ii. 22-3, lost ii. 23- 5, 103 ; text ii. 25-7, MSS. ii. 26, editions ii. 27 : The Method ii. 20, 21, 22, 27-34, ii. 246, ii. 317-18 : On the Sphere and Cylinder ii. 34- 50 : Measurement <strong>of</strong> a circle ii. 50- 6, ii. 253 : On Conoids and Spheroids ii. 56-64 : On Spirals 230-1, ii. 64-75 (cf. ii. 377-9), ii. 556-61 Sand-reckoner ii. 81-5 : Quadrature <strong>of</strong> Parabola ii. 85-91 : mechanical works, titles ii. 23-4, Plane equilibriums ii. 75-81 : On Floating Bodies ii. 91-7, problem <strong>of</strong> crown ii. 92-4 : Liber assump<strong>to</strong>rum ii. 101-3: Cattle-problem 14, 15, ii. 23, ii. 97-8, ii. 447 : Ca<strong>to</strong>ptrica 444, ii. 24. Arithmetic : octacls 40-1, fractions 42, value <strong>of</strong> tv 232-3, 234, ii. 50-6 : <strong>to</strong> \/% ii. 51-2. Astronomy ii. 17 18, sphere- making ii. 18, on <strong>Aristarchus</strong>'s hypothesis ii. 3-4. Conies, propositions in, 438-9, ii. 122-6. Cubic equation solved <strong>by</strong> conies ii. 45-6. On Democritus 180, 327, equality <strong>of</strong> angles <strong>of</strong> incidence and reflection ii. 353-4, integral calculus anticipated ii. 41-2, 61. 62-3, 74, 89-90: Lemma or Axiom <strong>of</strong> A. 326-8, ii. 35 : veuaeis in, ii. 65-8 (Pappus on, ii. 68) : on semiregular solids ii. 98-101 : triangle, area in terms <strong>of</strong> sides ii. 103 trisection <strong>of</strong> any angle 240-1. Archytas 2, 170, 212-16, ii. 1 : on /j.adr]fi(iTa 11, on logistic 14, on 1 as odd-even 71 : on means 85, 86: no mean proportional between n and n + 1, 90, 215: on music 214: mechanics 213 : solution <strong>of</strong> problem <strong>of</strong> two mean proportionals 214, 219, 245, 246-9, 334, ii. 261. Argyrus, Isaac, 224 n., ii. 555. Aristaeus : comparison <strong>of</strong> five regular solids 420 : Solid Loci (conies) 438, ii. 116, 118-19 Aristaeus <strong>of</strong> Cro<strong>to</strong>n 86. <strong>Aristarchus</strong> <strong>of</strong> Samos 43, 139, ii. 1- 15, ii. 251 : date ii. 2 : ovaic/^ <strong>of</strong>, ii. 1 : anticipated Copernicus ii. 2-3: other hypotheses ii. 3, 4: treatise On sizes and distances <strong>of</strong> Sun and Moon ii. 1, 3, 4-15, trigonometrical purpose ii. 5 : numbers in, 39 : fractions in, 43. Aris<strong>to</strong>nophus, vase <strong>of</strong>, 162. Aris<strong>to</strong>phanes 48, 161, 220. Aris<strong>to</strong>telian treatise on indivisible lines 157, 346-8. Aris<strong>to</strong>therus 348. Aris<strong>to</strong>tle 5, 120, 121 : on origin <strong>of</strong> science 8: on mathematical subjects 16-17 : on first principles, definitions, postulates, axioms 336-8. Arithmetic : reckoning <strong>by</strong> tens 26-7, why 1 is odd-even 71 : 2 even and prime 73 : on Pythagoreans and numbers 67-9 : on the gnomon 77-8, 83. Astronomy : Pythagorean system 164-5, on hypothesis <strong>of</strong> concentric spheres 329, 335, ii. 244, on Pla<strong>to</strong>'s view about the earth 314 15. On the continuous and infinite 342-3 : pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> incommensurability <strong>of</strong> diagonal 91 : on principle <strong>of</strong> exhaustion 340 : on Zeno's paradoxes 272, 275-7, 278-9, 282: on Hippocrates 22 : encomium on Democritus 176. Geometry : illustrations <strong>from</strong> 335, 336, 338-40, on parallels 339, pro<strong>of</strong>s differing <strong>from</strong> Euclid's 338-9, propositions not in Euclid 340, on quadratures 184-5, 221, 223, 224 n., 271, on quadrature <strong>by</strong> lunes (Hippocrates) 184-5, 198-9 : on Pla<strong>to</strong> and regular solids 159 : curves and solids in A. 341. Mechanics 344- 6, 445- 6 : parallelogram <strong>of</strong> velocities 346 : 'Aris<strong>to</strong>tle's wheel' ii. 347-8. Aris<strong>to</strong>xenus 24 n. y 66. Arithmetic (1 J = theory <strong>of</strong> numbers (opp. <strong>to</strong> XoyioTiKrj) 13-16 : early ' Elements <strong>of</strong> A rithmetic ' 90, 216 systematic treatises, Nicomachus Introd. Ar. 97-112, Theon <strong>of</strong> Smyrnall2-3,Iamblichus,Comm. on Nicomachus 1 13-15, Domninus ii. 538. (2) Practical arithmetic : originated with Phoenicians 120- 1, in primary education 19-20. Arithmetic mean, defined 85. Arithmetica <strong>of</strong> <strong>Diophantus</strong> 15-16, ii. 449-514. Arithmetical operations: see Addition, Subtraction, &c. Arrow oi Zeno 276, 280-1. Aryabhatta 234. Asclepius <strong>of</strong> Tralles 99. Astronomy in elementary education 19 : as secondary subject 20-1. Athelhard <strong>of</strong> Bath, first transla<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Euclid 362-4. Athenaeus 144, 145. Athenaeus <strong>of</strong> Cyzicus 320-1. • Attic (or 'Herodianic') numeials ' 30-1. August, E. F. 299, 302, 361. Au<strong>to</strong>lycus <strong>of</strong> Pitane 348 : works On the moving Sphere 348-52, On Risings and Settings 352-3 : relation <strong>to</strong> Euclid 35 i -2. Auverus, C. ii. 26. Axioms : Aris<strong>to</strong>tle on, 336 : Common Notions in Euclid 376 : Axiom <strong>of</strong> Archimedes 326-8, ii. 35.
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A HISTORY OF GREEK MATHEMATICS BY S
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CONTENTS vii Vlll CONTENTS Geminus
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CONTENTS XI XXI. COMMENTATORS AND B
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ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS 3 contemporary
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Now whence ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS BH:
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ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS 11 while Y, Z
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ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS 15 But AB.BG <
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MECHANICS 19 likely that he discove
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• LIST OF EXTANT WORKS 23 24 ARCH
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THE TEXT OF ARCHIMEDES 27 It was ma
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Now THE METHOD HA:AN=A'A:AN = KA:AQ
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ON THE SPHERE AND CYLINDER, I 35 ti
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ON THE SPHERE AND CYLINDER, I 39 wh
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ON THE SPHERE AND CYLINDER, II 43 T
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ON THE SPHERE AND CYLINDER, II 47 (
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MEASUREMENT OF A CIRCLE 51 sides co
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a MEASUREMENT OF A CIRCLE 55 be The
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ON CONOIDS AND SPHEROIDS 59 of the
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so that ON CONOIDS AND SPHEROIDS 63
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Then D : E > BM : MO, > OB : BT, ON
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ON SPIRALS 71 Let OF meet the spira
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ON SPIRALS 75 Lastly, it' E be the
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ON PLANE EQUILIBRIUMS, I, II 79 Thi
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THE SAND-RECKONER 83 Archimedes has
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curve in E 1 , R THE QUADRATURE OF
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THE QUADRATURE OF THE PARABOLA 91 t
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ON FLOATING BODIES, I, II 95 96 ARC
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ON SEMI-REGULAR POLYHEDRA 99 angula
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THE LIBER ASSUMPTORUM 103 Lastly, w
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MEASUREMENT OF THE EARTH 107 a, or
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DISCOVERY OF THE CONIC SECTIONS 111
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MENAECHMUS'S PROCEDURE 115 For, let
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ARISTAEUS'S SOLID LOCI 119 the same
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CONIC SECTIONS IN ARCHIMEDES 123 In
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THE TEXT OF THE CONICS 127 The edit
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THE CONICS 131 diorismi. Nicoteles
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THE C0NIC8, BOOK I 135 the centre o
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PL is THE CONICS, BOOK I 139 called
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THE CONIGS, BOOK I 143 (2) in the h
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It follows that THE CONICS, BOOK I
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THE CONICS, BOOK III 151 152 APOLLO
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To prove (1) R'l 2 : IW-H'Q 2 : QH
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THE CONICS, BOOKS IV-V 159 and, if
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THE CONICS, BOOK V 163 if P' be any
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THE CONICS, BOOKS V, VI 167 tively
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THE CONICS, BOOK VII 171 But A'Q*:A
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THE GONIGS, BOOK VII 175 As we have
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ON THE CUTTING-OFF OF A RATIO 179 F
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ON CONTACTS OR TANGENCIES 183 solve
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PLANE LOCI 187 other extremity will
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NET2EI2 (VERGINGS OR INCLINATIONS)
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OTHER LOST WORKS 195 Astronomy. We
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NICOMEDES 199 tators, and especiall
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DIOCLES. PERSEUS 203 1 Proclus on E
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ISOPERIMETRIC FIGURES. ZENODORUS 20
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ZENODORUS 211 Now, by hypothesis, D
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HYPSICLES 215 natural to divide eac
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DIONYSODORUS 219 generates the tore
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GEMINUS 223 An upper limit for his
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GEMINUS 227 Attempt to prove the Pa
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GEMINUS 231 and make equal angles w
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236 SOME HANDBOOKS XVI SOME HANDBOO
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THEON OF SMYRNA 239 edited by E. Hi
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THEON OF SMYRNA 243 to the seven he
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THEODOSIUS'S SPHAERIGA 247 (Books X
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THEODOSIUS'S SPHAERICA 251 Now, the
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HIPPARCHUS 255 that the lengths of
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HIPPARCHUS 259 in his Commentary, h
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MENELAUS'S SPHAERICA 263 already ap
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MENELAUS'S SPIIAERICA 267 For, if A
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^ ' MENELAUS'S SPHAERICA 271 272 TR
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' PTOLEMY'S SYNTAXIS 275 276 TRIGON
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PTOLEMY'S SYNTAXIS 279 The proposit
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PTOLEMY'S SYNTAXIti 283 284 TRIGONO
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THE ANALEMMA OF PTOLEMY 287 288 TRI
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THE ANALEMMA OF PTOLEMY 291 or tan
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THE OPTICS OF PTOLEMY 295 but the t
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CONTROVERSIES AS TO HERON'S DATE 29
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CONTROVERSIES AS TO HERON'S DATE 30
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CONTROVERSIES AS TO HERON'S DATE 30
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GEOMETRY 311 Of this class are the
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' ' concave ' and THE DEFINITIONS 3
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MENSURATION 319 Heiberg puts side b
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PROOF OF THE FORMULA OF HERON' 323
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THE REGULAR POLYGONS 327 Geom. 102
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height SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE 331 The
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iJ MEASUREMENT OF SOLIDS 335 descri
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DIVISIONS OF FIGURES 339 two opposi
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: —— Since (DG) : (FB) = m : No
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THE MECHANICS 347 the first chapter
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Supports '. ON THE CENTRE OF GRAVIT
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356 PAPPUS OF ALEXANDRIA Date of Pa
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THE COLLECTION 359 sizes and distan
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK III 363 Sectio
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Now THE COLLECTION. BOOK III 367 EA
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK IV 371 we may
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK IV 375 Therefo
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK IV 379 We have
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK IV 383 a certa
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK IV 387 length
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK V 391 the same
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of THE COLLECTION. BOOK V 395 the s
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THE COLLECTION. BOOKS VI, VII 399 T
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK VII 403 ' util
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK VII 407 Two pr
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PG THE COLLECTION. BOOK VII 411 Now
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The problem is THE COLLECTION. BOOK
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i.e. (if DA . THE COLLECTION. BOOK
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK VII 423 Since
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THE COLLECTION. BOOKS VII, VIII 427
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK VIII 431 432 P
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK VIII 435 is le
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THE COLLECTION. BOOK VIII 439 Then
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EPIGRAMS IN THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY 443
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HERONIAN INDETERMINATE EQUATIONS 44
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RELATION OF WORKS 451 Relation of t
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TRANSLATIONS AND EDITIONS 455 unfor
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NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS 459 When t
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DETERMINATE EQUATIONS 463 equation
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- Page 253 and 254: INDETERMINATE ANALYSIS 495 III. 14.
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- Page 287 and 288: , vddcov ' 564 INDEX OF GREEK WORDS
- Page 289: 1 INDEX OF GREEK WORDS 567 568 INDE
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