Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean

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Figure 9.4. Matching experimental and archaeological use- wear traces. a: polishing tropical hardwood for 45 minutes (original magnification 200x); b: sanding Strombus gigas shell lip 30 minutes; c: polishing the shoulder blade of turtle for 90 minutes; d: scraper of Porites sp. with polish interpreted as having been used on wood; e: scraper of Porites sp. with traces from working shell; f: scraper with traces resembling experimental bone working traces (original magnification of Figures 9.4b–f 500x). You are reading copyrighted material published by the University of Alabama Press. Any posting, copying, or distributing of this work beyond fair use as defined under U.S. Copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For permission to reuse this work, contact the University of Alabama Press.
122 / Kelly and van Gijn a clear directionality, as well as a limited number of striations. Experiments with plant materials resulted in a rather variable corallite ridge shape, ranging from rounded to slightly flattened. The polish was bright to very bright and striations were generally absent. Topographical features in the polish included the presence of small craters. To conclude, use- wear traces that resulted from experiments carried out on hard materials such as shell, stone, and coral were clearly different from the wear traces that resulted from experiments on softer material types such as wood, plant, bone, and clay. Characteristics specifically related to the hard materials are a flat to very flat or beveled corallite ridge, streaked polish distribution, a rough texture, and the occurrence of a lot of striations. The softer contact materials resulted in more rounded corallite ridges and a smooth, bright polish with a clear directionality. Striations do occur but in lesser quantities. The Archaeological Tools from Anse à la Gourde: Matching Traces The Porites sp. angle- abraded artifacts were classified into nine different groups. This classification was based on the basis of general shape, the shape of the edge (straight, concave, or convex), and the occurrence of single- or double- angle abrasion on the artifact. In order to test the hypothesis that the angle- abraded tools made of Porites sp. were indeed used for a variety of activities, 52 artifacts were selected. Each typological group was treated separately to examine its functional homogeneity. Traces on the archaeological tools were compared to the experimental ones in order to infer the probable contact material and the movement applied (e.g., longitudinal or transverse). Unfortunately, 18 archaeological implements displayed postdepositional surface modifications that made a functional analysis impossible. It is not entirely clear how these secondary modifications developed. More research into the taphonomic conditions under which use- wear traces on coral tools are affected is first needed. On three other tools the traces could not be matched to experimental equivalents and were classified as unknown. It may actually involve multiple usages, causing the superimposition of different types of traces making identification impossible. The traces on one tool were insufficiently developed to allow a functional inference. In all other cases it turned out to be possible to match the traces on the archaeological tools with those seen on the experimental reference samples (Figure 9.4d–f ). Eleven tools displayed polish attributes closely resembling those on experimental woodworking implements (Figure 9.4d). Seven artifacts were most likely involved in scraping clay. Five tools were interpreted as shell- working imple- You are reading copyrighted material published by the University of Alabama Press. Any posting, copying, or distributing of this work beyond fair use as defined under U.S. Copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For permission to reuse this work, contact the University of Alabama Press.
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Crossing the Borders You are readin
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Crossing the Borders New Methods an
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Contents List of Illustrations 1. C
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Contents / vii References Cited 233
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List of Illustrations FIGURES 2.1.
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Illustrations / xi 10.2. Use- wear
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Crossing the Borders You are readin
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1 Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries
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New Methods and Techniques / 3 Rous
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New Methods and Techniques / 5 cal
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New Methods and Techniques / 7 niqu
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New Methods and Techniques / 9 (Van
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New Methods and Techniques / 11 tur
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New Methods and Techniques / 13 inc
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New Methods and Techniques / 15 ect
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New Methods and Techniques / 17 Pal
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I PROVENANCE STUDIES You are readin
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2 In Tuneful Threefold Combining Co
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Archaeological Methods, Archaeometr
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Figure 2.5. Diagram showing the res
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Metal Objects and Indigenous Values
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4 Chert Sourcing in the Northern Le
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Geochemical Techniques in Discrimin
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Corbison Point (CP) Central Plain g
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Table 4.3. Antigua Formation Flints
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II FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF ARTIFACTS
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5 A New Material to View the Past D
Page 86 and 87: Dental Alginate Molds of Friable Ar
Page 90 and 91: Figure 5.3. Weave pattern schematic
Page 94 and 95: Investigating Stone Bead Drilling T
Page 106 and 107: Lithic Technology / 91 Figure 7.1.
Page 108 and 109: Lithic Technology / 93 of researche
Page 110 and 111: Figure 7.2. a: Vivé, small bipolar
Page 112 and 113: Lithic Technology / 97 north. Red j
Page 114 and 115: Lithic Technology / 99 Figure 7.4.
Page 116 and 117: 8 Tool Use and Technological Choice
Page 118 and 119: Functional Analysis of Caribbean To
Page 124 and 125: Figure 8.3. Toolkit for the product
Page 130 and 131: 9 Understanding the Function of Cor
Page 132 and 133: Function of Coral Tools from Anse
Page 140 and 141: 10 The Significance of Wear and Res
Page 142 and 143: Significance of Wear and Residue St
Page 148 and 149: Figure 10.5. a: starch grain with e
Page 152 and 153: 11 Starch Residues on Lithic Artifa
Page 154 and 155: Starch Residues on Lithic Artifacts
Page 156 and 157: Figure 11.2. Lithic tools from Los
Page 158 and 159: Table 11.1. Summary of Artifacts Se
Page 162 and 163: Fabaceae 2 6 1 1 10 50% Phaseolus v
Page 164 and 165: Figure 11.3. Archaeological starch
Page 166 and 167: Figure 11.4. Archaeological starch
Page 172 and 173: Dioscorea sp. (pos. domest.) 1 12.5
Page 174 and 175: 12 The Burén in Precolonial Cuban
Page 176 and 177: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 161 p
Page 178 and 179: Table 12.1. Plant Identi¤cation by
Page 180 and 181: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 165 I
Page 182 and 183: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 167 m
Page 184 and 185: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 169 t
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III NEW TRENDS IN PALEOETHNOBOTANIC
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13 Caribbean Paleoethnobotany Prese
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Table 13.1. Selected Excerpts and C
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Table 13.2. Plant Taxa Indicated in
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 179 19
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 181 tu
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Archaic Age Early Ceramic Age Later
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Table 13.3. Continued Caribbean Pal
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 187 ch
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 189 co
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 191 ap
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 193 wi
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14 New Evidence of Two Different Mi
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New Evidence of Two Different Migra
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Table 14.2b. Continued CEI CUD ECD
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Table 14.4. Continued CUD ECD CVR O
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Tracing Human Mobility with 87 Sr/
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Table 15.2. Strontium Ratios of Hum
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Epilogue / 227 cially apparent when
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Epilogue / 229 nore the diversity t
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Epilogue / 231 derstanding of prehi
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References Cited Abel, T. 1998 Comp
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References Cited / 235 1974 Archéo
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References Cited / 237 Bertouille,
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References Cited / 239 1964 The Arc
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References Cited / 241 Coomans, H.
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References Cited / 243 2005 Caribbe
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References Cited / 245 De Mille, C.
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References Cited / 247 Febles, J.,
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References Cited / 249 a Sicán Bur
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References Cited / 251 Haslam, M. 2
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References Cited / 253 Hofman, C. L
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References Cited / 255 Lange, H. S.
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References Cited / 257 Kennedy, M.
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References Cited / 259 columbian Go
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References Cited / 261 mental Micro
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References Cited / 263 Montgomery,
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References Cited / 265 Norr, L. 200
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References Cited / 267 1855 by J. A
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References Cited / 269 Peterson, L.
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References Cited / 271 of the State
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References Cited / 273 Roobol, M. J
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References Cited / 275 Schweingrube
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References Cited / 277 Sjøvold, T.
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References Cited / 279 Townsend, G.
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References Cited / 281 Site on the
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References Cited / 283 Walker, J. B
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Contributors Benoît Bérard is Ma
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Contributors / 287 Wales, U.K. sinc
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Contributors / 289 chaeology, Leide
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Index Aceramic Age: peoples of, 195
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Scanning electron microscope/ energ
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Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean

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