Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean

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11 Starch Residues on Lithic Artifacts from Two Contrasting Contexts in Northwestern Puerto Rico Los Muertos Cave and Vega de Nelo Vargas Farmstead Jaime R. Pagán Jiménez and José R. Oliver Introduction This chapter discusses the preliminary results derived from the analysis of 15 starch residue samples obtained from seven ground stone tools recovered from Los Muertos Cave (SR-1) and Vega de Nelo Vargas (Utu-27) sites, both located in the karst mountain region of northwestern Puerto Rico (Figure 11.1). This study provides new data that contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the agrarian economy of ancient Puerto Rico, one of the main objectives set forth in the Utuado- Caguana Archaeological Project, codirected by Oliver and Rivera Fontán (see Oliver 1998, 2005; Oliver et al. 1999). The time frame pertinent to this study is bracketed between a.d. 680 and a.d. 1450, covering Periods IIIa–b (early to late Ostiones) and IVa (Capá), if one follows the regional chronology devised by Rouse (1992). Period IIIb (ca. a.d. 900– 1200/1300) is a momentous time, as it was when inequality and social complexity seem to have emerged in tandem with “monumental” architecture in the form of sites with multiple plaza and ball court precincts (Curet 2005:22–26, 90–91; Curet and Oliver 1998; Siegel 1999). By Period IVa (ca. a.d. 1250/1300–1500) complex polities, with varying degrees of centralization and hierarchical (and perhaps also heterarchical) organization, dominated the political scenario of ancient Puerto Rico, although not all polities in the island were necessarily subject to a paramount chief, and may have maintained a certain degree of decentralization and political autonomy (see Oliver 2003). Earle and Johnson (2000:257–258) and Earle (1991:1–15), among others, have argued that the political economy of chiefdoms and states were financed by exercising political control over staple crops (staple finance) and/ or over material wealth You are reading copyrighted material published by the University of Alabama Press. Any posting, copying, or distributing of this work beyond fair use as defined under U.S. Copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For permission to reuse this work, contact the University of Alabama Press.
Figure 11.1. Map of Puerto Rico showing the location of archaeological sites; the Utuado- Caguana study area, showing the distribution of various types of archaeological sites. Arrows indicate the location of Cueva de Los Muertos (SR-1) and Vega de Nelo Vargas (Utu-27). You are reading copyrighted material published by the University of Alabama Press. Any posting, copying, or distributing of this work beyond fair use as defined under U.S. Copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For permission to reuse this work, contact the University of Alabama Press.
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Crossing the Borders New Methods an
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Contents List of Illustrations 1. C
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Contents / vii References Cited 233
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List of Illustrations FIGURES 2.1.
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Illustrations / xi 10.2. Use- wear
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1 Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries
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New Methods and Techniques / 3 Rous
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New Methods and Techniques / 5 cal
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New Methods and Techniques / 7 niqu
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New Methods and Techniques / 9 (Van
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New Methods and Techniques / 11 tur
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New Methods and Techniques / 13 inc
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New Methods and Techniques / 15 ect
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New Methods and Techniques / 17 Pal
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I PROVENANCE STUDIES You are readin
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2 In Tuneful Threefold Combining Co
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Archaeological Methods, Archaeometr
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Figure 2.5. Diagram showing the res
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Metal Objects and Indigenous Values
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4 Chert Sourcing in the Northern Le
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Geochemical Techniques in Discrimin
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Corbison Point (CP) Central Plain g
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Table 4.3. Antigua Formation Flints
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II FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF ARTIFACTS
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5 A New Material to View the Past D
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Dental Alginate Molds of Friable Ar
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Figure 5.3. Weave pattern schematic
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Investigating Stone Bead Drilling T
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Page 106 and 107: Lithic Technology / 91 Figure 7.1.
Page 108 and 109: Lithic Technology / 93 of researche
Page 110 and 111: Figure 7.2. a: Vivé, small bipolar
Page 112 and 113: Lithic Technology / 97 north. Red j
Page 114 and 115: Lithic Technology / 99 Figure 7.4.
Page 116 and 117: 8 Tool Use and Technological Choice
Page 118 and 119: Functional Analysis of Caribbean To
Page 124 and 125: Figure 8.3. Toolkit for the product
Page 130 and 131: 9 Understanding the Function of Cor
Page 132 and 133: Function of Coral Tools from Anse
Page 136 and 137: Figure 9.4. Matching experimental a
Page 140 and 141: 10 The Significance of Wear and Res
Page 142 and 143: Significance of Wear and Residue St
Page 148 and 149: Figure 10.5. a: starch grain with e
Page 154 and 155: Starch Residues on Lithic Artifacts
Page 156 and 157: Figure 11.2. Lithic tools from Los
Page 158 and 159: Table 11.1. Summary of Artifacts Se
Page 162 and 163: Fabaceae 2 6 1 1 10 50% Phaseolus v
Page 164 and 165: Figure 11.3. Archaeological starch
Page 166 and 167: Figure 11.4. Archaeological starch
Page 172 and 173: Dioscorea sp. (pos. domest.) 1 12.5
Page 174 and 175: 12 The Burén in Precolonial Cuban
Page 176 and 177: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 161 p
Page 178 and 179: Table 12.1. Plant Identi¤cation by
Page 180 and 181: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 165 I
Page 182 and 183: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 167 m
Page 184 and 185: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 169 t
Page 186 and 187: III NEW TRENDS IN PALEOETHNOBOTANIC
Page 188 and 189: 13 Caribbean Paleoethnobotany Prese
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Page 196 and 197: Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 181 tu
Page 198 and 199: Archaic Age Early Ceramic Age Later
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 187 ch
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 189 co
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 191 ap
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 193 wi
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14 New Evidence of Two Different Mi
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New Evidence of Two Different Migra
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Table 14.2b. Continued CEI CUD ECD
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Table 14.4. Continued CUD ECD CVR O
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Tracing Human Mobility with 87 Sr/
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Table 15.2. Strontium Ratios of Hum
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Epilogue / 227 cially apparent when
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Epilogue / 229 nore the diversity t
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Epilogue / 231 derstanding of prehi
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References Cited Abel, T. 1998 Comp
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References Cited / 235 1974 Archéo
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References Cited / 237 Bertouille,
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References Cited / 239 1964 The Arc
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References Cited / 241 Coomans, H.
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References Cited / 243 2005 Caribbe
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References Cited / 245 De Mille, C.
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References Cited / 247 Febles, J.,
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References Cited / 249 a Sicán Bur
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References Cited / 251 Haslam, M. 2
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References Cited / 253 Hofman, C. L
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References Cited / 255 Lange, H. S.
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References Cited / 257 Kennedy, M.
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References Cited / 259 columbian Go
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References Cited / 261 mental Micro
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References Cited / 263 Montgomery,
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References Cited / 265 Norr, L. 200
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References Cited / 267 1855 by J. A
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References Cited / 269 Peterson, L.
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References Cited / 271 of the State
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References Cited / 273 Roobol, M. J
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References Cited / 275 Schweingrube
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References Cited / 277 Sjøvold, T.
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References Cited / 279 Townsend, G.
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References Cited / 281 Site on the
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References Cited / 283 Walker, J. B
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Contributors Benoît Bérard is Ma
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Contributors / 287 Wales, U.K. sinc
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Contributors / 289 chaeology, Leide
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Index Aceramic Age: peoples of, 195
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Scanning electron microscope/ energ
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Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean

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