Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean

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New Evidence of Two Different Migratory Waves / 209 nificant negative, discriminating values characterize the second premolar’s cusp number and cusp 7 in the first molar. The Ciboney from Cuba show low values, as low as 0.0 percent in Cueva del Perico and the pooled Ciboney. In turn, frequencies are higher in the Taíno, the Saladoid, the Troumassoid samples, and those from Venezuela. The frequency of both traits ranges between 30 and 50 percent and peaks up to 64.3 percent in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Large variability can be found in the expression of the premolar’s trait in the groups from Florida (8.5–58.3 percent), and reduced expression in the cusp 7. The mandibular M2 root number is the only trait that discriminates the second component. Its frequencies are in the 40 to 50 percent range for the Cuban Ciboney, while the Taíno vary between 15 and 25 percent, with Cueva Roja (17.4 percent) falling within the latter. Frequencies between 40 and 60 percent characterize the Saladoid, Troumassoid, and Venezuelan samples, while the Floridians range between 30 and 50 percent. Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) The MMD matrix is shown in Table 14.4. The major distances (> 0.13) always separate the Taíno from both the Floridians and all the Ciboney. At intragroup level, the Taíno from Cuba and the Dominican Republic present low but significant values, and nonsignificant values in the comparison with the samples from the U.S. Virgin Islands. It must be underscored, anyway, that the latter shows low, nonsignificant values also with Tick Island, Cueva Roja, and the pooled Ciboney. All the Ciboney groups show low, nonsignificant distances among them, regardless of geography and chronology. The Floridians bestow significant MMD values, with the exception of the two Archaic Age samples. The Saladoids do not diverge much from the groups of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Troumassoids, and Venezuela, and neither from the Ciboney’s Cueva el Infierno. The Troumassoid sample reveals low values with Venezuela, Saladoids, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, but also with Tick Island and the pooled Ciboney. Last, Venezuela, shows nonsignificant distances with some of the Florida and Ciboney groups, along with it is those geographically close to them. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) The MDS applied to the MMD matrix (Table 14.4) produces fairly similar results to those generated by the PCA analysis (Figure 14.2) and the ML tree (Figure 14.3). The scatter plot of the first and second dimensions (Figure 14.4) indicates that the Cuban groups cluster with Cueva Roja in the upper left quadrant. A second group on the right is formed by the Taíno. A third group, composed of the Saladoid and Troumassoid sample, is placed in between the Taíno. The other groups from Florida gather on the lower left part of the plot. Venezuela gets closer to the other groups from Florida as in the previous analysis. You are reading copyrighted material published by the University of Alabama Press. Any posting, copying, or distributing of this work beyond fair use as defined under U.S. Copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For permission to reuse this work, contact the University of Alabama Press.
210 / Coppa et al. Table 14.4. Mean Measure of Divergence Matrix. TIC RGR HIG FRC CIB CEI Tich-Island-Forida TIC 0 0,0383 0,0193 0,0172 0,0352 0,0201 USA Republic Groves- RGR 0,0747 0 0,0298 0,0279 0,0458 0,0307 Florida USA Highland Beach- HIG 0,0532 0,1214 0 0,0084 0,0267 0,0114 Florida USA Fort Center-Florida FRC 0,0463 0,0570 0,0422 0 0,0248 0,0096 USA Ciboney-Cuba CIB 0,0746 0,0587 0,0569 0,0836 0 0,0275 Cueva el Infernio- CEI 0,1165 0,1616 0,0890 0,1119 –0,0171 0 Cuba Cueva del Perico-Cuba CUD 0,1173 0,0421 0,0723 0,0692 –0,0673 0,0002 Chorro de Maíta- ECD 0,0423 0,1239 0,1873 0,1816 0,1751 0,1893 Cuba Cueva Roja- CVR 0,1249 0,1104 0,1128 0,1167 –0,0157 0,0203 Dominican Republic Ostionoids-Dominican OST 0,0728 0,1071 0,1761 0,1378 0,1475 0,1961 Republic Juan Dolio-Dominican JDL 0,0535 0,1468 0,1291 0,1541 0,1079 0,1889 Republic La Caleta-Dominican LCL 0,0658 0,1476 0,1123 0,1125 0,0902 0,1175 Republic Saladoids-Puerto Rico SAL 0,0730 0,1212 0,0917 0,1005 0,0674 0,0389 Virgin Islands-USA VIR 0,0215 0,1195 0,1079 0,1092 0,0734 0,1223 Anse à la Gourde- ANS 0,0076 0,0854 0,0998 0,0583 0,0202 0,0718 Guadeloupe Venezuela VEN 0,0024 0,0674 0,0568 0,0334 0,0448 0,0808 * MMD values are listed in the lower left triangle (bold numbers mark significant distances); the upper right triangle reports the standard deviations. Discussion and Conclusions It is worthwhile to underscore that all different statistical methods (ML, PCA, MMD, and MDS) produced consistent outcomes. The results of the analysis on the biological affinity among the samples that inhabited the circum- Caribbean area can be summarized into seven main points: 1. The phenetically different groups are also culturally different and vice versa. This result suggests that no substantial admixture between groups of different cultures occurred. 2. Results from the previous analyses, which differentiate between Taíno and You are reading copyrighted material published by the University of Alabama Press. Any posting, copying, or distributing of this work beyond fair use as defined under U.S. Copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For permission to reuse this work, contact the University of Alabama Press.
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Crossing the Borders You are readin
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Crossing the Borders New Methods an
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Contents List of Illustrations 1. C
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Contents / vii References Cited 233
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List of Illustrations FIGURES 2.1.
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Illustrations / xi 10.2. Use- wear
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Crossing the Borders You are readin
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1 Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries
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New Methods and Techniques / 3 Rous
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New Methods and Techniques / 5 cal
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New Methods and Techniques / 7 niqu
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New Methods and Techniques / 9 (Van
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New Methods and Techniques / 11 tur
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New Methods and Techniques / 13 inc
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New Methods and Techniques / 15 ect
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New Methods and Techniques / 17 Pal
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I PROVENANCE STUDIES You are readin
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2 In Tuneful Threefold Combining Co
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Archaeological Methods, Archaeometr
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Figure 2.5. Diagram showing the res
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Metal Objects and Indigenous Values
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4 Chert Sourcing in the Northern Le
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Geochemical Techniques in Discrimin
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Corbison Point (CP) Central Plain g
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Table 4.3. Antigua Formation Flints
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II FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF ARTIFACTS
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5 A New Material to View the Past D
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Dental Alginate Molds of Friable Ar
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Figure 5.3. Weave pattern schematic
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Investigating Stone Bead Drilling T
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Lithic Technology / 91 Figure 7.1.
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Lithic Technology / 93 of researche
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Figure 7.2. a: Vivé, small bipolar
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Lithic Technology / 97 north. Red j
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Lithic Technology / 99 Figure 7.4.
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8 Tool Use and Technological Choice
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Functional Analysis of Caribbean To
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Figure 8.3. Toolkit for the product
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9 Understanding the Function of Cor
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Function of Coral Tools from Anse
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Figure 9.4. Matching experimental a
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10 The Significance of Wear and Res
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Significance of Wear and Residue St
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Figure 10.5. a: starch grain with e
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11 Starch Residues on Lithic Artifa
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Starch Residues on Lithic Artifacts
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Figure 11.2. Lithic tools from Los
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Table 11.1. Summary of Artifacts Se
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Fabaceae 2 6 1 1 10 50% Phaseolus v
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Figure 11.3. Archaeological starch
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Figure 11.4. Archaeological starch
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Dioscorea sp. (pos. domest.) 1 12.5
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Page 186 and 187: III NEW TRENDS IN PALEOETHNOBOTANIC
Page 188 and 189: 13 Caribbean Paleoethnobotany Prese
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Page 196 and 197: Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 181 tu
Page 198 and 199: Archaic Age Early Ceramic Age Later
Page 200 and 201: Table 13.3. Continued Caribbean Pal
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Page 204 and 205: Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 189 co
Page 206 and 207: Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 191 ap
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Page 230 and 231: Tracing Human Mobility with 87 Sr/
Page 236 and 237: Table 15.2. Strontium Ratios of Hum
Page 242 and 243: Epilogue / 227 cially apparent when
Page 244 and 245: Epilogue / 229 nore the diversity t
Page 246 and 247: Epilogue / 231 derstanding of prehi
Page 248 and 249: References Cited Abel, T. 1998 Comp
Page 250 and 251: References Cited / 235 1974 Archéo
Page 252 and 253: References Cited / 237 Bertouille,
Page 254 and 255: References Cited / 239 1964 The Arc
Page 256 and 257: References Cited / 241 Coomans, H.
Page 258 and 259: References Cited / 243 2005 Caribbe
Page 260 and 261: References Cited / 245 De Mille, C.
Page 262 and 263: References Cited / 247 Febles, J.,
Page 264 and 265: References Cited / 249 a Sicán Bur
Page 266 and 267: References Cited / 251 Haslam, M. 2
Page 268 and 269: References Cited / 253 Hofman, C. L
Page 270 and 271: References Cited / 255 Lange, H. S.
Page 272 and 273: References Cited / 257 Kennedy, M.
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References Cited / 259 columbian Go
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References Cited / 261 mental Micro
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References Cited / 263 Montgomery,
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References Cited / 265 Norr, L. 200
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References Cited / 267 1855 by J. A
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References Cited / 269 Peterson, L.
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References Cited / 271 of the State
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References Cited / 273 Roobol, M. J
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References Cited / 275 Schweingrube
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References Cited / 277 Sjøvold, T.
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References Cited / 279 Townsend, G.
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References Cited / 281 Site on the
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References Cited / 283 Walker, J. B
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Contributors Benoît Bérard is Ma
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Contributors / 287 Wales, U.K. sinc
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Contributors / 289 chaeology, Leide
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Index Aceramic Age: peoples of, 195
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Scanning electron microscope/ energ
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