Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean

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Figure 11.2. Lithic tools from Los Muertos Cave and Vega de Nelo Vargas: top left: artifact 1, FS-998, granodiorite mortar/ edge grinder; top middle: artifact 2, FS-905, fragmented granodiorite mortar implement; top right: artifact 3, FS-916, a spherical granodiorite mano or pounding/ grinding stone; middle left (two views): artifact 4, FS-996, dorsal and lateral views of a mortar- mano edge grinding implement made of granodiorite rock; middle right: artifact 5, FS- XXX, limestone mortar with a central concavity; bottom left: artifact 6, FS-946, a spherical granodiorite mano; bottom right (two views): artifact 7, FS-881, a coarse mano with edge battering made of a brittle species of granodiorite, showing the lateral and anverse facets. You are reading copyrighted material published by the University of Alabama Press. Any posting, copying, or distributing of this work beyond fair use as defined under U.S. Copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For permission to reuse this work, contact the University of Alabama Press.
142 / Pagán Jiménez and Oliver ( N- S, E- W) were excavated. The plaza area had a significantly lower frequency of cultural materials. Two assays from Stratum II calibrated to a.d. 1300–1430 (GrN- 26413) and to a.d. 1290–1400 (GrN-26412; both 2a). Stratum III assays calibrated to a.d. 1290–1400 (GrN-30051) and a.d. 1280–1400 (GrN-30050; both 2σ). Artifacts 4 (FS-996), 5 ( FS- XX), and 6 (FS-946) (see Figure 11.2), came from the machine- scraped exposed surface of the batey area, corresponding to Stratum I of the North- South Trench profile (Table 11.1). Artifact 7 (FS-881), came from Test Unit 3, Stratum III (Table 11.1). Artifacts 4 and 5 are made of a compact granodiorite stone, whereas Artifact 7 is made of a meteorized granodiorite with large hornblende crystals (Oliver and Rivera Fontán 2004:10). Artifact 5 is the only limestone implement to be analyzed in this study. To summarize, Artifacts 1, 2, and 3 at Los Muertos Cave came from a midden deposit associated with Ostiones- style ceramics (ca. a.d. 850 and 1250/1300). These implements are made of imported igneous materials probably brought from Pasto Creek into a cave site that seemingly had a religious function, but which does not exclude other kinds of (secular?) activities. Artifacts 4 to 7 came from a late Capá period (cal a.d. 1280–1430) habitation site, Vega de Nelo Vargas, where farmstead- level domestic activities combined with the civic- ceremonial activities carried out in the plaza. The site probably was occupied by a single household whose members may have been of some standing (elite?), as several prestige/ wealth items were found (Rivera Fontán and Oliver 2005). However, the site is nowhere near Caguana’s (Utu-10) “monumentality” and its impressive iconographic display (Oliver 1998, 2005). Materials and Methodology of Starch Residue Analysis Table 11.1 describes the possible functional attributes of the seven lithic implements selected for analysis. All the selected lithic implements were bagged in the field and subsequently transported to the project’s laboratory in San Juan. None of these lithics were washed at any point in time. At a later date, Pagán Jiménez extracted the sediment samples from each artifact. The sediment samples were extracted from one or more pinpoint locations for each tool (Table 11.1). The reason for multiple point sampling was to insure that these were recovered from different facets or aspects of the same tool that had evident use- wear patterns and which could have had different plant- processing functions. In other instances, samples were extracted from the periphery of the (evident) use- wear areas, thus allowing a comparison of the results obtained from different sections or facets of the same tool, with or without evident use- wear signs. Of the 15 samples analyzed, 11 (= or 0.006 g each) were processed for the separation of starch grains with cesium chloride (CsCl), as discussed in the section below. The remaining six samples were mounted directly on the slides with a You are reading copyrighted material published by the University of Alabama Press. Any posting, copying, or distributing of this work beyond fair use as defined under U.S. Copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. For permission to reuse this work, contact the University of Alabama Press.
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Crossing the Borders You are readin
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Crossing the Borders New Methods an
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Contents List of Illustrations 1. C
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Contents / vii References Cited 233
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List of Illustrations FIGURES 2.1.
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Illustrations / xi 10.2. Use- wear
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Crossing the Borders You are readin
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1 Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries
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New Methods and Techniques / 3 Rous
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New Methods and Techniques / 5 cal
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New Methods and Techniques / 7 niqu
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New Methods and Techniques / 9 (Van
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New Methods and Techniques / 11 tur
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New Methods and Techniques / 13 inc
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New Methods and Techniques / 15 ect
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New Methods and Techniques / 17 Pal
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I PROVENANCE STUDIES You are readin
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2 In Tuneful Threefold Combining Co
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Archaeological Methods, Archaeometr
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Figure 2.5. Diagram showing the res
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Metal Objects and Indigenous Values
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4 Chert Sourcing in the Northern Le
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Geochemical Techniques in Discrimin
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Corbison Point (CP) Central Plain g
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Table 4.3. Antigua Formation Flints
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II FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF ARTIFACTS
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5 A New Material to View the Past D
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Dental Alginate Molds of Friable Ar
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Figure 5.3. Weave pattern schematic
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Investigating Stone Bead Drilling T
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Page 106 and 107: Lithic Technology / 91 Figure 7.1.
Page 108 and 109: Lithic Technology / 93 of researche
Page 110 and 111: Figure 7.2. a: Vivé, small bipolar
Page 112 and 113: Lithic Technology / 97 north. Red j
Page 114 and 115: Lithic Technology / 99 Figure 7.4.
Page 116 and 117: 8 Tool Use and Technological Choice
Page 118 and 119: Functional Analysis of Caribbean To
Page 124 and 125: Figure 8.3. Toolkit for the product
Page 130 and 131: 9 Understanding the Function of Cor
Page 132 and 133: Function of Coral Tools from Anse
Page 136 and 137: Figure 9.4. Matching experimental a
Page 140 and 141: 10 The Significance of Wear and Res
Page 142 and 143: Significance of Wear and Residue St
Page 148 and 149: Figure 10.5. a: starch grain with e
Page 152 and 153: 11 Starch Residues on Lithic Artifa
Page 154 and 155: Starch Residues on Lithic Artifacts
Page 158 and 159: Table 11.1. Summary of Artifacts Se
Page 162 and 163: Fabaceae 2 6 1 1 10 50% Phaseolus v
Page 164 and 165: Figure 11.3. Archaeological starch
Page 166 and 167: Figure 11.4. Archaeological starch
Page 172 and 173: Dioscorea sp. (pos. domest.) 1 12.5
Page 174 and 175: 12 The Burén in Precolonial Cuban
Page 176 and 177: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 161 p
Page 178 and 179: Table 12.1. Plant Identi¤cation by
Page 180 and 181: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 165 I
Page 182 and 183: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 167 m
Page 184 and 185: Plants and Ceramic Griddles / 169 t
Page 186 and 187: III NEW TRENDS IN PALEOETHNOBOTANIC
Page 188 and 189: 13 Caribbean Paleoethnobotany Prese
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Page 192 and 193: Table 13.2. Plant Taxa Indicated in
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Page 196 and 197: Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 181 tu
Page 198 and 199: Archaic Age Early Ceramic Age Later
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 191 ap
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Caribbean Paleoethnobotany / 193 wi
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14 New Evidence of Two Different Mi
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New Evidence of Two Different Migra
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Table 14.2b. Continued CEI CUD ECD
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Table 14.4. Continued CUD ECD CVR O
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Tracing Human Mobility with 87 Sr/
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Table 15.2. Strontium Ratios of Hum
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Epilogue / 227 cially apparent when
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Epilogue / 229 nore the diversity t
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Epilogue / 231 derstanding of prehi
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References Cited Abel, T. 1998 Comp
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References Cited / 235 1974 Archéo
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References Cited / 237 Bertouille,
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References Cited / 239 1964 The Arc
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References Cited / 241 Coomans, H.
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References Cited / 243 2005 Caribbe
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References Cited / 245 De Mille, C.
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References Cited / 247 Febles, J.,
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References Cited / 249 a Sicán Bur
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References Cited / 251 Haslam, M. 2
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References Cited / 253 Hofman, C. L
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References Cited / 255 Lange, H. S.
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References Cited / 257 Kennedy, M.
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References Cited / 259 columbian Go
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References Cited / 261 mental Micro
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References Cited / 263 Montgomery,
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References Cited / 265 Norr, L. 200
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References Cited / 267 1855 by J. A
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References Cited / 269 Peterson, L.
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References Cited / 271 of the State
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References Cited / 273 Roobol, M. J
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References Cited / 275 Schweingrube
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References Cited / 277 Sjøvold, T.
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References Cited / 279 Townsend, G.
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References Cited / 281 Site on the
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References Cited / 283 Walker, J. B
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Contributors Benoît Bérard is Ma
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Contributors / 287 Wales, U.K. sinc
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Contributors / 289 chaeology, Leide
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Index Aceramic Age: peoples of, 195
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Scanning electron microscope/ energ
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Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean

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