Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean

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Table 14.2a. Frequencies of Traits Used and Dichotomic Breaking Points for the
Maxillary Dentition.
Dichotomy TIC RGR HIG FRC CIB
I2 Shoveling 3–7/0–7 % 70,6 100,0 66,7 84,1 57,1
N 17 5 48 69 7
I1 Double Shoveling 2–6/0–6 % 52,9 77,8 88,2 93,2 60,0
N 17 9 51 59 5
I2 Double Shoveling 2–6/0–6 % 50,0 100,0 55,8 68,2 50,0
N 14 5 43 66 6
I2 Interr. Groove 1/0–1 % 61,5 60,0 48,9 51,6 60,0
N 13 5 45 64 5
C Mesial Ridge 2–5/0–5 % 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,1 0,0
N 14 6 47 89 8
M1 Metacone 4–5/0–5 % 94,1 100,0 89,3 94,7 100,0
N 51 19 84 170 25
M2 Metacone 3.5–5/0–5 % 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 94,1
N 48 17 74 119 17
M3 Metacone 3–5/0–5 % 91,7 100,0 100,0 88,0 80,0
N 36 11 44 50 5
M1 Hypocone 4–5/0–5 % 95,1 86,7 96,0 86,4 88,5
N 41 15 75 169 26
M1 Cusp 5 1–5/0–5 % 7,1 25,0 30,3 27,2 42,9
N 14 8 33 103 14
M1 Carabelli’s Cusp 2–7/0–7 % 80,0 85,7 59,2 69,2 63,2
N 15 7 49 143 19
M1 Enamel Extension 2–3/0–3 % 20,0 20,0 50,9 51,1 25,0
N 30 15 55 131 20
M2 Enamel Extension 2–3/0–3 % 54,2 42,9 74,5 76,3 64,3
N 24 14 51 93 14
M1 Root Number 3/1–3 % 92,9 77,8 93,3 92,6 80,0
N 14 9 45 81 10
the adults for which the sex diagnosis was possible. No statistically significant differences
(at the 0.05 probability level) between sexes were found. For this reason,
frequency data are based on combined observations.
In order to evaluate the phenetic affinities between groups, multivariate analyses
were applied on traits’ percent values (Principal Component Analysis and Maximum
Likelihood Method) (Felsenstein 1973), and on measures of distance (Mean
Measure of Divergence and Multidimensional Scaling). By using the method of
Maximum Likelihood we obtained a tree whose robustness was tested with by the
bootstrap technique (Felsenstein 1985). Bootstrap values are reported only when
higher than 50 out of 100 replicates, since these data are morphologic and not ge-
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