Nasb-and-the-Nawasib

after they had revolted against ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ reached three hundred and
seventy five battles. 1 They were thus successful in overthrowing the governors of
the Khilāfah and establishing an autonomous dynasty for themselves. 2
The Khawārij in the West were either Ibāḍiyyah or Ṣufriyyah. 3
And in the West two Khārijī dynasties came about: 4
5
1. The Midrāriyyah dynasty, which was Ṣufriyyah.
6
2. The Rustumiyyah dynasty, which was Ibāḍiyyah.
1 Al-Istiqṣā li Akhbār Duwal al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā 1/188. ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ ibn ʿUthmān al-Azdī, Abū Jaʿfar.
From the progeny of Qabīṣah ibn Abī Ṣufrah, the brother of Muhallab. Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr had
appointed him over Africa in 150 A.H after dismissing him from Sindh. He became occupied with
fighting the Khawārij and thus managed to rule for only three years. Thereafter they united against
him and defeated him and killed him in mid Dhū al-Ḥijjah in 154 A.H. See: Al-Badʾ wa al-Tārīkh 6/87;
al-Muntaẓam 8/166; al-Kāmil fī al-Tārīkh 5/195; al-Istiqṣā li Akhbār Duwal al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā 1/186.
2 Al-Istiqṣā li Akhbār Duwal al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā 1/184.
3 Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ 15/153; Al-Istiqṣā li Akhbār Duwal al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā 1/164.
4 For details regarding these two dynasties see: Al-Istiqṣā li Akhbār Duwal al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā 1/179.
5 The Ṣufriyyah: one of the sub-sects of the Khawārij which is attributed to Ziyād ibn al-Aṣfar. The
following are some of their beliefs: Every major sin constitutes disbelief and every disbelief equates
to Shirk. They would not approve of killing the women and children of the opposition, nor would they
excommunicate those who did not participate in warfare as long as they agreed with them in belief.
Likewise they did not do away with the capital punishment of lapidation and at times have allowed
the practice of Taqiyyah in speech, not in action. See: Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn p. 118; al-Tanbīh wa al-Radd
ʿalā Ahl al-Ahwāʾ wa al-Bidaʿ p. 52; al-Farq Bayn al-Firaq p. 70; al-Milal wa al-Niḥal 1/137.
6 The Ibāḍiyyah are also one of the sub-sects of the Khawārij and are attributed to ʿAbd Allāh ibn
Ibāḍ. From it many sub-sects have emerged as well. Some of their beliefs are the following: Those who
oppose them are disbelievers, in terms of being ungrateful for the bounty Allah; their abode is the
abode of Islam with the exception of the military base of their ruler; their testification is acceptable;
their blood is inviolable even in secrecy, unless evidence is established against them and they openly
proclaim their deviance; it is permissible to marry into them and establish mutual inheritance
between the two groups. See: Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn p. 102; al-Farq Bayn al-Firaq 82; al-Tabṣīr fī al-Dīn wa
Tamyīz al-Firqah al-Nājiyah p. 58; al-Mawāqif 3/693.
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