Landfills and waste water treatment plants as sources of ... - GKSS

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REFERENCES Dreyer, A. Temme, C. Sturm, R. and Ebinghaus, R. (2008): Optimized method avoiding solvent-induced response enhancement in the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile poly uorinated alkylated compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1178, 199-205. Dreyer, A. and Ebinghaus, R. (2009): Polyfluorinated compounds in ambient air from ship- and land-based measurements in northern Germany. Atmospheric Environment, 43, 1527- 1535. Dreyer, A. Langer, V. Ebinghaus, R. and Section, E. (2009a): Determination of Octanol�Air Partition Coefficients (KOA) of Fluorotelomer Acrylates, Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamids, and Perfluoroalkylsulfonamido Ethanols. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 54, 3022- 3025. Dreyer, A. Matthias, V. Temme, C. and Ebinghaus, R. (2009b): Annual time series of air concentrations of polyfluorinated compounds. Environmental Science & Technology, 43, 4029-36. Dreyer, A. Weinberg, I. Temme, C. and Ebinghaus, R. (2009c): Polyfluorinated Compounds in the Atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans: Evidence for a Global Distribution. Environmental Science & Technology, 43, 6507-6514. Dreyer, A. Matthias, V. Weinberg, I. and Ebinghaus, R. (2010): Wet deposition of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in Northern Germany. Environmental Pollution, 158, 1221–1227. Dyke, P. (2003): PCB and PAH releases from power stations and waste incineration processes in the UK. Chemosphere, 50, 469-480. EC (1999): Directive on the landfill of waste, European commission. Directive 99/31/EC. EC (2003): Restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (pentabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether), European Commision. Directive 2003/11/EC. EC (2004): The Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations, European Commission. Directive 2004/88/EC. EC (2006): Restrictions on the Marketing and Use of Certain Dangerous Substances and Preparations (perfluorooctane sulfonates), European Commission, . Directive 2006/122/EC. Ellis, D. A. Martin, J. W. De Silva, A. O. Mabury, S. A. Hurley, M. D. Sulbaek Andersen, M. P. and Wallington, T. J. (2004): Degradation of fluorotelomer alcohols: a likely atmospheric source of perfluorinated carboxylic acids. Environmental Science & Technology, 38, 3316-21. Eriksson, J. Green, N. Marsh, G. and Bergman, A. (2004): Photochemical Decomposition of 15 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Congeners in Methanol/Water. Environmental Science & Technology, 38, 3119-3125. EU (2002): Bis(Pentabromodiphenyl) Ether. European Union Risk Assessment Report, Vol. 17. 94
REFERENCES EU (2003): Diphenyl Ether octabromo derivate. European Union Risk Assessment Report, Vol.16. Fiedler, S. Pfister, G. and Schramm, K.-W. (2008): Poly- and perfluorinated compounds in household consumer products. Environmental Science & Technology es-2008-03109g. Franke, S. Meyer, C. Heinzel, N. Gatermann, R. Huhnerfuss, H. Rimkus, G. Konig, W. and Francke, W. (1999): Enantiomeric composition of the polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN in different aquatic species. Chirality, 11, 795-801. Fromme, H. Otto, T. Pilz, K. and Neugebauer, F. (1999): Levels of synthetic musks; bromocyclene and PCBs in eel (Anguilla anguilla) and PCBs in sediment samples from some waters of Berlin/Germany. Chemosphere, 39, 1723–1735. Fromme, H. Schlummer, M. Ungewiss, J. and Roscher, E. (2006): Umweltmedizinische Bedeutung perfluorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe (PFC) Materialien zur Umweltmedizin, Band 16, Bayrisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit Gatermann, R. Hellou, J. Huhnerfuss, H. Rimkus, G. and Zitko, V. (1999): Polycyclic and nitro musks in the environment: A comparison between Canadian and European aquatic biota. Chemosphere, 38, 3431–3441. Gerecke, A. C. Hartmann, P. C. Heeb, N. V. Kohler, H.-P. E. Giger, W. Schmid, P. Zennegg, M. and Kohler, M. (2005): Anaerobic Degradation of Decabromodiphenyl Ether. Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 1078-1083. Gioia, R. Steinnes, E. Thomas, G. O. Mejier, S. N. and Jones, K. C. (2006): Persistent organic pollutants in European background air: derivation of temporal and latitudinal trends. Journal of Environmental Monitoring: JEM, 8, 700-10. Goel, A. McConnell, L. L. Torrents, A. Scudlark, J. R. and Simonich, S. (2006): Spray Irrigation of Treated Municipal Wastewater as a Potential Source of Atmospheric PBDEs. Environmental Science & Technology, 40, 2142-2148. Gooding, M. P. Newton, T. J. Bartsch, M. R. and Hornbuckle, K. C. (2006): Toxicity of synthetic musks to early life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 51, 549-58. Gouin, T. Harner, T. Daly, G. Wania, F. Mackay, D. and Jones, K. C. (2005): Variability of concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in air: implications for monitoring, modeling and control. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 151-166. Hale, R. C. La Guardia, M. J. Harvey, E. and Mainor, T. M. (2002): Potential role of fire retardant-treated polyurethane foam as a source of brominated diphenyl ethers to the US environment. Chemosphere, 46, 729-35. Harada, K. Nakanishi, S. Saito, N. Tsutsui, T. and Koizumi, A. (2005): Airborne Perfluorooctanoate May be a Substantial Source Contamination in Kyoto Area, Japan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 74, 64-69. 95
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ISSN 0344-9629 Landfills and waste
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Die Berichte der GKSS werden kosten
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Deponien und Kläranlagen als Quell
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TABLE OF CONTENTS VI 4.2.5 Extracti
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 20: Proporti
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LIST OF TABLES Table S6: Table of r
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ABBREVIATIONS BDE47 2,2',4,4'-Tetra
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ABBREVIATIONS MW molecular weight M
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2 INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION 175 chemicals classifi
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INTRODUCTION Table 1 cont. Analytes
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INTRODUCTION Table 3: Polycyclic mu
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INTRODUCTION Mabury 2006). This inc
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INTRODUCTION 1.3 Physico-chemical p
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INTRODUCTION 1.4 Environmental conc
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INTRODUCTION Chen et al. 2007a; Har
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INTRODUCTION prevent xenobiotica fr
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INTRODUCTION al. 2009c) and being d
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INTRODUCTION Table 6: Selection of
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INTRODUCTION 1.5 Sources Sources of
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OBJECTIVES 2. Objectives In recent
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METHOD OPTIMISATION Simonich et al.
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METHOD OPTIMISATION used as carrier
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METHOD OPTIMISATION 3.3 Extraction
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METHOD OPTIMISATION 3.3 Results 3.3
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METHOD OPTIMISATION AHMI). For less
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METHOD OPTIMISATION 3.3.5 Extractio
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METHOD OPTIMISATION 3.4 Discussion
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METHOD OPTIMISATION partly due to h
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METHOD OPTIMISATION Figure 7: Final
Page 62 and 63: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES volat
Page 64 and 65: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES On ea
Page 66 and 67: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES (Supe
Page 68 and 69: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES Table
Page 70 and 71: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES 52 c
Page 74 and 75: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES 4.3.2
Page 78 and 79: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES 4.5 D
Page 80 and 81: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES conce
Page 82 and 83: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES influ
Page 84 and 85: STUDY 2: WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLAN
Page 106 and 107: CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK BDE183 were
Page 108 and 109: REFERENCES wastewater treatment/pol
Page 110 and 111: REFERENCES Capuano, F. Cavalchi, B.
Page 114 and 115: REFERENCES Harada, K. Nakanishi, S.
Page 116 and 117: REFERENCES Kallenborn, R. Gatermann
Page 118 and 119: REFERENCES sexual development, and
Page 120 and 121: REFERENCES Oros, D. R. Hoover, D. R
Page 122 and 123: REFERENCES Rimkus, G. (1995): Nitro
Page 124 and 125: REFERENCES Smithwick, M. Mabury, S.
Page 126 and 127: REFERENCES USEPA (2006): 2010/2015
Page 128 and 129: REFERENCES Zhao, Y.-X. Qin, X.-F. L
Page 130 and 131: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Figure S3: H
Page 132 and 133: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S1: Ta
Page 134 and 135: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S2: Ma
Page 136 and 137: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S5: Ta
Page 138 and 139: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S7: Bl
Page 140 and 141: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S11: P
Page 142 and 143: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Figure S7: S
Page 144 and 145: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Figure S7 co
Page 146 and 147: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S16: T
Page 148 and 149: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S19: M
Page 154: ERKLÄRUNG DER SELBSTSTÄNDIGEN VER
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