Landfills and waste water treatment plants as sources of ... - GKSS

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SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S1: Table of solvents, native and mass-labelled analytical standards and gases Substance Acronym Purity Supplier 2-Perfluorohexyl-( 13 C2)-ethanol 13 C 6:2 FTOH > 98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada 2-Perfluorooctyl-( 13 C2)-ethanol 13 C 8:2 FTOH > 98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada 2-Perfluorodecyl-( 13 C2)-ethanol 13 C 10:2 FTOH > 98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada methyl-D3-perfluorooctane sulfonamide MeFOSA D3 > 98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada ethyl-D5-perfluorooctane sulfonamide EtFOSA D5 > 98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada methyl-D7-perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol MeFOSE D7 > 98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada ethyl-D9-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol MeFOSE D9 > 98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada perfluoro-( 13 C4)-butanoic acid 13 C PFBA >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada perfluoro-( 13 C4)-hexanoic acid 13 C PFHxA >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada perfluoro-( 13 C4)-octanoic acid 13 C PFOA >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada perfluoro-( 13 C4)-nonanoic acid 13 C PFNA >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada perfluoro-( 13 C4)-decanoic acid 13 C PFDA >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada perfluoro-( 13 C4)-undecanoic acid 13 C PFUnDA >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada perfluoro-( 13 C4)-dodecanoic acid 13 C PFDoA >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada sodium perfluoro-( 18 O2)-hexane sulfonate 18 O2-PFHxS >99 Wellington, Guelph, Canada sodium perfluoro-( 13 C4)-octane sulfonate 13 C-PFOS >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada sodium perfluoro-( 13 C4)-octane sulfinate 13 C-PFOSi ~90 Wellington, Guelph, Canada hexachlorobenzene 13 C6 13 C HCB 97 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene D3 TCB D3 98 Aldrich, Munich, Germany perfluorooctane sulfonamido-D5-acetic acid EtFOSAA D5 >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada perfluorobutyl ethanol 4:2 FTOH 97 Aldrich, Munich, Germany perfluorohexyl ethanol 6:2 FTOH 97 Lancaster Synthesis, Frankfurt, Germany perfluorooctyl ethanol 8:2 FTOH 97 Lancaster Synthesis, Frankfurt, Germany perfluorodecyl ethanol 10:2 FTOH 97 Lancaster Synthesis, Frankfurt, Germany perfluorododecyl ethanol 12:2 FTOH - Donated by Lancaster University, UK perfluorohexyl ethylacylate 6:2 FTA 97 Aldrich, Munich, Germany perfluorooctyl ethylacylate 8:2 FTA 97 Fluorochem, Old Glossop, UK perfluorodecyl ethylacylate 10:2 FTA 97 Fluorochem, Old Glossop, UK n-methyl perfluorobutane sulfonamide MeFBSA - donated by 3M, Germany n-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide MeFOSA - donated by 3M, Germany n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide EtFOSA 95 ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany perfluorooctane sulfonamide PFOSA - donated by 3M, USA dimethylperfluoroocatane sulfonamide Me2FOSA 98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada n-methyl perfluorobutane sulfonamido ethanol MeFBSE - donated by 3M, USA n-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol MeFOSE - donated by 3M, USA n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol EtFOSE - donated by Toronto University, Canada Perfluorobutanoic acid PFBA 99 ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany perfluoropentanoic acid PFPA 98 Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany Perfluorohexanoic acid PFHxA 98 ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany perfluoroheptanoic acid PFHpA 98 Lancaster, Frankfurt, Germany perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA 95 Lancaster, Frankfurt, Germany 114
Table S1 cont. SUPPORTING INFORMATION Substance Acronym Purity Supplier perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA 95 Lancaster, Frankfurt, Germany Perfluorononanoic acid PFNA 98 Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany Perfluorodecanoic acid PFDA 98 ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany perfluoroundecanoic acid PFUnDA 96 ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany perfluorododecanoic acid PFDoDA 96 Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany 2,4,4'-Tribromo[ 13 C6]diphenyl ether MBDE28 >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromo[ 13 C6]diphenyl ether MBDE47 >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromo[ 13 C6]diphenyl ether MBDE99 >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromo[ 13 C6]diphenyl ether MBDE153 >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromo[ 13 C6]diphenyl ether MBDE183 >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada Decabromo[ 13 C6]diphenyl ether MBDE209 >98 Wellington Guelph, Canada 2,4,4'-Tribromodiphenyl ether BDE28 >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether BDE47 >98 Wellington, Guelph, Canada 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether BDE99 >98 Wellington , Guelph, Canada 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether BDE100 >98 Wellington , Guelph, Canada 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether BDE153 >98 Wellington , Guelph, Canada 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether BDE154 >98 Wellington , Guelph, Canada 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromodiphenyl ether BDE183 >98 Wellington , Guelph, Canada Decabromodiphenyl ether BDE209 >98 Wellington , Guelph, Canada Fluoranthene-d10 1-tert-Buthyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Fluoranthene D10 MX >98 >99 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany 1-tert.-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-acetylbenzene MK 98 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany Musk xylene D15 MX D15 >97 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany 7-Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4- Tetrahydronaphthalene AHTN D3 99 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany 7-Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4- Tetrahydronaphthalene AHTN 98 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany 5-Acetyl-1,1,2,6-tetrametyl-3-isopropyldihydroindene ATII 98 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany 4-acetyl-1,1-dimethyl-6-tert-butylindane ADBI 98 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany 6-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,5-hexamethylindane AHMI 98 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany 1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8hexamethylcyclopenta-(�)-2-benzopyran HHCB 51 Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany hexane - picograde Promochem, Wesel, Germany ethyl acetate - picograde Promochem, Wesel, Germany acetone - picograde Promochem, Wesel, Germany methyl-tert-butylether MTBE picograde Promochem, Wesel, Germany methanol MeOH residual analysis J.T. Baker, Griesheim, Germany Helium - 5.0 Air Liquide, Germany nitrogen - 5.0 Air Liquide, Germany methane - 5.0 Air Liquide, Germany 115
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ISSN 0344-9629 Landfills and waste
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Die Berichte der GKSS werden kosten
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Deponien und Kläranlagen als Quell
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TABLE OF CONTENTS VI 4.2.5 Extracti
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 20: Proporti
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LIST OF TABLES Table S6: Table of r
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ABBREVIATIONS BDE47 2,2',4,4'-Tetra
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ABBREVIATIONS MW molecular weight M
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2 INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION 175 chemicals classifi
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INTRODUCTION Table 1 cont. Analytes
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INTRODUCTION Table 3: Polycyclic mu
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INTRODUCTION Mabury 2006). This inc
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INTRODUCTION 1.3 Physico-chemical p
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INTRODUCTION 1.4 Environmental conc
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INTRODUCTION Chen et al. 2007a; Har
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INTRODUCTION prevent xenobiotica fr
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INTRODUCTION al. 2009c) and being d
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INTRODUCTION Table 6: Selection of
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INTRODUCTION 1.5 Sources Sources of
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OBJECTIVES 2. Objectives In recent
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METHOD OPTIMISATION Simonich et al.
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METHOD OPTIMISATION used as carrier
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METHOD OPTIMISATION 3.3 Extraction
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METHOD OPTIMISATION 3.3 Results 3.3
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METHOD OPTIMISATION AHMI). For less
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METHOD OPTIMISATION 3.3.5 Extractio
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METHOD OPTIMISATION 3.4 Discussion
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METHOD OPTIMISATION partly due to h
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METHOD OPTIMISATION Figure 7: Final
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STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES volat
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STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES On ea
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STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES (Supe
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STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES Table
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STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES 52 c
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STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES 4.3.2
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STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES 4.5 D
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STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES conce
Page 82 and 83: STUDY 1: LANDFILLS AS SOURCES influ
Page 84 and 85: STUDY 2: WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLAN
Page 106 and 107: CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK BDE183 were
Page 108 and 109: REFERENCES wastewater treatment/pol
Page 110 and 111: REFERENCES Capuano, F. Cavalchi, B.
Page 112 and 113: REFERENCES Dreyer, A. Temme, C. Stu
Page 114 and 115: REFERENCES Harada, K. Nakanishi, S.
Page 116 and 117: REFERENCES Kallenborn, R. Gatermann
Page 118 and 119: REFERENCES sexual development, and
Page 120 and 121: REFERENCES Oros, D. R. Hoover, D. R
Page 122 and 123: REFERENCES Rimkus, G. (1995): Nitro
Page 124 and 125: REFERENCES Smithwick, M. Mabury, S.
Page 126 and 127: REFERENCES USEPA (2006): 2010/2015
Page 128 and 129: REFERENCES Zhao, Y.-X. Qin, X.-F. L
Page 130 and 131: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Figure S3: H
Page 134 and 135: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S2: Ma
Page 136 and 137: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S5: Ta
Page 138 and 139: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S7: Bl
Page 140 and 141: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S11: P
Page 142 and 143: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Figure S7: S
Page 144 and 145: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Figure S7 co
Page 146 and 147: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S16: T
Page 148 and 149: SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table S19: M
Page 154: ERKLÄRUNG DER SELBSTSTÄNDIGEN VER
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