Landfills and waste water treatment plants as sources of ... - GKSS

List of figures
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Differences of peak abundance obtained with varying oven program, inlet
temperatures and heating rates. ........................................................................................ 34
Figure 2: GC-MS chromatogram of BDE100 and BDE99. ............................................................ 35
Figure 3: Average recovery rates of mass-labelled musk fragrances and PBDEs using
fluidized bed extraction and accelerated solvent extraction. . .......................................... 36
Figure 4: Recovery rates of mass-labelled musk fragrances and PBDEs determined after
clean-up step. ................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 5: Total ion GC-MS chromatogram of musk fragrances and PBDEs determined in the
EI mode after optimisation of oven temperature settings. ............................................... 38
Figure 6: Improvements of sensitivity of PBDEs and musk fragrances after optimisation of
PTV inlet. ......................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 7: Final GC-MS chromatograms for musk fragrances and PBDEs. . ................................... 42
Figure 8: General lifecycle of products prior to the storage in landfills........................................... 44
Figure 9: Concentrations of airborne PFCs in gas-phase samples taken at landfills LA and
LB and at the corresponding reference sites. ................................................................... 52
Figure 10: Proportions of airborne PFCs in gas-phase samples taken at landfills LA and LB
and at the corresponding reference sites. ......................................................................... 53
Figure 11: Concentrations of airborne PFCs in particle-phase samples taken at landfills LA
and LB and at the corresponding reference sites. . ........................................................... 54
Figure 12: Proportions of airborne PFCs in particle-phase samples taken at landfills LA and
LB and at the corresponding reference sites. ................................................................... 55
Figure 13: Concentrations of airborne musk fragrances in gas-phase samples taken at two
landfills LA and LB and at the corresponding reference sites. ........................................ 57
Figure 14: Proportions of airborne musk fragrances in gas-phase samples taken at two landfills
LA and LB and at the corresponding reference sites. ...................................................... 58
Figure 15: Concentrations of BDE183 in the particle phase in air samples from landfill LB and
the corresponding reference site. ..................................................................................... 59
Figure 16: Selected seven days air mass back trajectories calculated for two landfill samples
LB1 and LB2. .................................................................................................................. 61
Figure 17: Schematic aerosol production at the air-water interface. ................................................. 65
Figure 18: Sampling locations of two waste water treatment plants WA and WB and the
corresponding reference sites. .......................................................................................... 68
Figure 19: Concentrations of semi-volatile and volatile PFCs in gas-phase samples taken at
two waste water treatment plants WA and WB and at the corresponding reference
sites. ....................................................................................................................... 73
VII